Root canal anatomy of mandibular second molars. Part I

Abstract

The root canal anatomy of 149 mandibular second molars was studied using a technique in which the pulp was removed, the canal space filled with black ink and the roots demineralized and made transparent. Of the 149 teeth, 22 per cent had single roots, 76 per cent had two roots and 2 per cent had three roots. In the single-rooted teeth, three canals were most common, while in the mesial root of the two-rooted teeth, two canals that joined near the apex and one canal in the distal root were most frequent. Round canals were most common in two-rooted teeth and C-shaped canals in single-rooted teeth. Transverse anastomoses were found in 33 per cent of roots, most commonly in the middle third of the root. Lateral canals were found in 72 per cent of roots, most commonly in the apical third of the root. The apical foramen was positioned at the apex in only 33 per cent of roots, and apical deltas were found in 35 per cent. The patient's age and race affected canal shape, with more round canals present in patients over 35 years of age, and more C-shaped canals in Asians. The sex of the patient and the side of the mouth affected the presence of apical deltas, with more being found in males and on the left side. Single-rooted teeth had more complex root canal systems than two-rooted teeth, with more lateral canals, transverse anastomoses, apical deltas and C-shaped canals.

Prevalence of C-shaped root canal in a Brazilian subpopulation: a cone-beam computed tomography analysis

“…Only one second molar in the present study had four canals (1.6%). Manning 23 also reported that C-shaped roots most frequently had three canals. However, our results are opposite from those of the study by Zhang et al,5 which revealed that 57%, 29% and 14% of the Cshaped roots had a single canal, two canals and three canals, respectively.…”

C-Shaped Root Canal Systems: Diagnosis and Endodontic Treatment

“…Bu amaç doğrultusunda, çekilmiş dişler üzerinde daha çok şeffaflaştırma metodu olmak üzere; boya filtrasyon metodu ve kesit alma metodu ile birçok çalışma yapılmıştır. [1][2][3] Öte yandan çekilmiş dişlerin tanımlanmasında ve dişin sahibi ile ilgili bilgiye ulaşmakta zorluklar yaşanabildiği belirtilmiştir. 4 Bu durumla beraber, ex vivo metotlardaki süreçler esnasında, pulpa-dentin kompleksindeki meydana gelen değişikliklerin kök kanal morfolojisini etkileyebileceği ve kesit hazırlama safhalarında örneklerin zarar görebileceğinden bahsedilmiştir.…”

Endodontic retreatment of mandibular second molar with C-shaped canal: case report

“…19 Therefore, anatomical variations, such as C-shaped canals, can represent a major hurdle for a more precise prognosis, mainly due to difficulty in cleaning and shaping a root canal system consisting of many ramifications, such as accessory, lateral canals and apical deltas. 22,23 In the present clinical case, the aim was to seal the root canal system three-dimensionally in order to ensure better antisepsis of the root canals and consequently recovery of periapical tissues.…”