Root Distribution and Mineral Uptake of Coarse-rooted Trees Grown in Cupric Hydroxide-treated Containers

Arnold, Michael A.; Struve, Daniel

doi:10.21273/hortsci.28.10.988

Cited by 33 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 8 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Growth-inhibited tips were swollen and appeared necrotic. These symptoms are consistent with the responses of temperate species (Arnold, 1992;Arnold and Struve, 1993;Beeson and Newton, 1992;Ruter, 1994).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 83%

“…To correct root malformation of container-grown plants, root pruning often is required at transplanting (Harris, 1992). Copper-treated containers reduced or eliminated root malformation (Arnold, 1992;Arnold and Struve, 1993;Beeson and Newton, 1992;Ruter, 1994) and increased transplant survival and regrowth in various temperate species (Struve, 1993). The influence of Cu-treated pots on the growth of species cultivated in subtropical regions has received less study (Beeson and Newton, 1992;Svenson and Broschat, 1995;Svenson and Johnston, 1992).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Shoot and Root Responses of Eight Subtropical Species Grown in Cupric Hydroxide-treated Containers

Svenson¹,

Johnston²,

Coy³

1995

HortSci

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The effect of Cu(OH) 2 applied to interior container surfaces on shoot and root responses was evaluated on eight species cultivated in subtropical regions. Species studied were Cedrela odorata L.; Eriobotrya japonica (Thunb.) Lindl.; Leea coccinea Planch.; Peperomia serpens (Swartz.) Loud.; Peperomia obtusifolia (L.) A. Dietr.; Radermachera sinica (Hance) Hensl.; Schefflera actinophylla (Endl.) Harms; and Swietenia mahagoni (L.) Jacq. No foliar Cu toxicity symptoms developed on any species during the study. Swietenia mahagoni seedlings grew faster in height and had larger shoot : root ratios when grown in Cu(OH) 2 -treated containers than in nontreated containers. Leea coccinea seedlings were taller and produced more shoot dry weight when grown in Cu(OH) 2 -treated than in control containers. Applying Cu(OH) 2 did not influence shoot growth of the other six species studied. Root coverage reduction on the exterior of the rootball in Cu(OH) 2 -treated containers was excellent for all species studied, and coverage was completely eliminated in three species. Shoot and root responses to Cu(OH) 2 -treated containers varied among subtropical species, which is consistent with shoot and root responses among temperate species.

show abstract

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 83%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Shoot and Root Responses of Eight Subtropical Species Grown in Cupric Hydroxide-treated Containers

Svenson¹,

Johnston²,

Coy³

1995

HortSci

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Several studies have reported that the root morphology of container seedlings can be influenced by nursery fertilization (Jacobs et al 2004), irrigation (Jacobs et al 2004), growth stimulants, and container treatments (Arnold and Struve 1993). Heiskanen (1995) studied the conventional substrate (low-humified Sphagnum peat) and found that it can shrink on drying, has a low unsaturated hydraulic conductivity, and has a large air-filled porosity when dry.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of nursery substrate and fertilization on the growth and ectomycorrhizal status of containerized and outplanted seedlings of Picea abies

et al. 2009

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Raulí (Nothofagus nervosa) is a highly valuable and fast growing Chilean native tree species, therefore being of great interest for the establishment of plantations. The success of plantations depends upon several factors, among which nursery management can be decisive. This study evaluated the effects of slow release fertilization (FLC) in doses of 2.5, 5.0 and 7.5 kg m-3 , and of topping (with and without) on the survival and growth of raulí in a plantation with restoration purposes in the Valdivian Andes of Chile (650 m asl). Average survival was 82 % the first year, 70 % the second and 62 % the third (mortality due to frosts). The mean height growth for the period was 120 cm. However, the trend was that survival and growth were greater with the two higher fertilization doses, and to a lesser extent with topping. During the first three years of field evaluation we did not detect significant differences of FLC and top pruning on survival, height growth and diameter at breast height among the six treatments. However, the trend was that there were higher survival rates and growth rates with the two higher FLC doses, which also occurred with top pruning (better perforrmance with pruning), but to a lower extent. Results show that with the range of plant quality used, similar performance results can be obtained when outplanted in the field. RESUMEN Nothofagus nervosa (raulí) es una de las especies nativas chilenas de mayor valor y crecimiento y, por ello, en el último tiempo concita alto interés para el establecimiento de plantaciones. El éxito del establecimiento de plantaciones depende de diversos fac-tores, entre los cuales el manejo en vivero puede ser decisivo. El presente estudio evaluó los efectos de fertilización de liberación controlada (FLC en dosis de 2,5, 5,0 y 7,5 kg m-3) y de poda apical (con y sin) en vivero sobre la supervivencia y el crecimiento de N. nervosa en plantaciones con fines de restauración en Los Andes valdivianos de Chile (650 m s.n.m.). La supervivencia fue de 82 % en el primer año, 70 % en el segundo y 62 % en el tercero (mortalidad por heladas). El crecimiento promedio en altura durante el trienio estuvo alrededor de 120 cm. Durante los primeros tres años de evaluación en terreno no se observaron efectos significativos de las dosis de FLC y la poda sobre la supervivencia, crecimientos en altura y en diámetro a la altura del pecho. Sin embargo, la tendencia fue de mayor supervivencia y crecimiento con ambas dosis mayores de FLC, lo cual también ocurrió con poda apical, pero en menor magnitud. Los resultados demuestran que en el rango de calidad de planta obtenida en vivero se pueden alcanzar similares resultados en terreno. Palabras clave: restauración, estrés abiótico, mortalidad, crecimiento.

show abstract

“…However, the long‐term use of containers leads to “root bound” trees with subsequent poor growth (Harris et al, 1971), mechanical instability (Burdett, 1978), and water stress (Davidson and Mecklenburg, 1981) after transplanting. Containers treated with Cu(OH) 2 or CuCO 3 decrease circling, matted, and kinked roots at the container–soil interface (Arnold and Struve, 1989a,b, 1993; Beeson and Newton, 1992; Struve et al, 1994), making container production possible. These containers release Cu 2+ into the soil solution where it is available for plant uptake.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Localized Cu toxicity effectively “pinches off” roots at the container–soil interface, resulting in chemical root control. This arrestment of apical root growth has also been related to increased root branching (Arnold and Young, 1991), increased root density, more uniform distribution of roots within the root ball (Arnold and Struve, 1989a, 1993), increased number of actively growing root tips (Arnold and Young, 1991), and improved root regeneration potential (Struve et al, 1994), all desirable horticultural characteristics that improve the quality of the trees. Together these effects can improve post‐transplant survival and establishment of landscape trees (Burdett, 1978; Arnold and Struve, 1989b; Brass et al, 1996).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Copper Release from Chemical Root‐Control Baskets in Hardwood Tree Production

Kosuta

Hamel

Dalpé³

et al. 2002

J of Env Quality

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The City of Montreal, Canada, evaluated the environmental impact and usefulness of in-ground copper (Cu)-treated baskets in controlling root growth of hardwood trees in nursery culture. Using baskets planted with 5-yr-old Norway maple (Acer platanoides L.) trees, the amount and temporal pattern of Cu release from the basket surface into soil was determined for two copper formulations: Cu metal powder and Cu(OH)2. Release of both Cu formulations from the basket surface decreased exponentially over time, with Cu concentration at the basket surface dropping to 2% of the initial Cu applied by the end of the second field season. Total Cu content increased significantly in the soil around the baskets (from 7 to 28 mg Cu kg(-1) soil) and in the baskets (from 7 to 50-70 mg Cu kg(-1) soil) over the two years of the study. Three levels of phosphorus application (33, 66, and 100% of the regular nursery rate of 465 kg ha(-1) yr(-1)) did not affect release of Cu from the basket surface. The release of Cu metal at 28 and 105 d in the field was significantly increased by inoculation with the symbiotic arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF) Glomus intraradices Schenck & Smith; however, AMF inoculation had no affect on Cu(OH)2 release. Trees grown in Cu-treated baskets and inoculated with G. intraradices had similar colonization to non-inoculated trees, suggesting that inoculation was not very effective and that AMF inoculum was already present in the root ball of the trees at planting. After two years, copper basket-grown trees had significantly less root colonization than isolated control trees growing in the open field. This strongly suggests that conditions inside the baskets were not favorable to AMF.

show abstract

Root Distribution and Mineral Uptake of Coarse-rooted Trees Grown in Cupric Hydroxide-treated Containers

Cited by 33 publications

References 8 publications

Shoot and Root Responses of Eight Subtropical Species Grown in Cupric Hydroxide-treated Containers

Shoot and Root Responses of Eight Subtropical Species Grown in Cupric Hydroxide-treated Containers

The effect of nursery substrate and fertilization on the growth and ectomycorrhizal status of containerized and outplanted seedlings of Picea abies

Copper Release from Chemical Root‐Control Baskets in Hardwood Tree Production

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About