Root Endodermis and Exodermis: Structure, Function, and Responses to the Environment

Enstone, Daryl E.; Peterson, Carol A.; Ma, Fengyun

doi:10.1007/s00344-003-0002-2

Cited by 580 publications

(536 citation statements)

References 106 publications

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“…1). A marked reduction in root length of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) cultivars was noticed under drought as shown in potato [19] and chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) [20,21]. In other studies, root fresh and dry weights were significantly reduced in chickpea [22][23][24], peanut [25], mung bean [26], white clover [27] and Erythrina seedling [28].…”

Section: Root Morphologymentioning

confidence: 98%

Morpho-Anatomical Changes in Roots of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) under Drought Stress Condition

Saeed¹,

Maqbool²,

Haseeb³

et al. 2016

JAST-B

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Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is a crop cultivated in semi-arid and rainfed areas of Pakistan and it experiences terminal drought stress. In this paper, the morpho-anatomical study regarding roots of chickpea was carried out to investigate the drought adaptation strategies. Twelve cultivars of chickpea were grown in pots under drought stress of 70% and 35% field capacity in addition to control (100%). Root segments of mature chickpea plants were sectioned in 2 cm from root-shoot junction and used for making transverse sections. The development of sleeve and stele tissues and their proportion were markedly influenced by moisture availability to the root system. Roots length, fresh and dry weight, and number of secondary roots were decreased under field capacity of 70% and 35% as compared to control in 12 cultivars of chickpea. Root epidermis and cortex of CH47/04 consisted of cells with thickened walls and with 2-3 cell layers of sclerenchymatous cells below the epidermis. Increased number of medullary rays and high vascular region was observed in cultivars CH120/04, CH47/04, CH587/05 and CH87/02. Anatomical studies showed that CH47/04 was highly tolerant among 12 cultivars of chickpea, while CH587/05 and CH87/02 behaved moderately under both levels of drought stress (70% and 35% field capacity).

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Section: Root Morphologymentioning

confidence: 98%

Morpho-Anatomical Changes in Roots of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) under Drought Stress Condition

Saeed¹,

Maqbool²,

Haseeb³

et al. 2016

JAST-B

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“…Observing a supernumerary cell division and cell differentiation in the developing root suggests that hydrocarbons modify the existing differentiation pattern. The endodermis is the innermost layer of the cortex and is characterized by the formation of Casparian bands in the anticlinal walls of its cells (Enstone et al, 2003). An extra cell layer might contribute to limiting exchanges between the cortex cells and the stele tissues reducing the import of hydrocarbons in the xylem flux.…”

Section: Anatomymentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Edaphic Hydrocarbon Pollution on the Morphology and Physiology of Pea Roots (Pisum Sativum L.)

Bellout¹

2016

Appl Ecol Env Res

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Abstract. Exposure to persistent organic hydrocarbon pollutants can have deleterious effects on the growth, physiology and anatomy of plants. Sand collected at an oil-drilling quagmire in southern Algeria was analyzed by GC-FID and found to contain 18mg.Kg -1 hydrocarbons. Pisum sativum L. (pea) plants were grown in laboratory conditions in sandy soil from the site. Plants growing in hydrocarbon polluted sandy soil had shorter primary roots and fewer lateral roots than control plants growing in non-polluted sandy soil. However lateral root dry weight was 35% higher than control. Pollutant-induced oxidative stress on pea roots resulted in lipid peroxidation and accumulation of MDA, H 2 O 2 and O 2 -in root tips. Enzymatic detox activities of superoxide dismutase and peroxidase were also over 40% higher in plants growing on polluted soil than in controls. The anatomy of pea roots was also affected by hydrocarbonpolluted soil, because xylem vessel differentiation was delayed and an unusual supplementary cell layer was formed in the endoderm. These data suggest pea plants adapt morphologically and anatomically to polluted soil.

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“…Increasing endodermal thickness (an apoplastic barrier) may lower Cd translocation to the shoots (Figure 3) and decrease its toxic effects on photosynthetic systems, and heavy metal tolerance may be related to the proportion of the root represented by root epidermal and apoplastic barrier tissues (Lux et al, 2004). The chemical modifications of apoplastic barriers and their thickening are important plant adaptations to stress (Enstone et al, 2003), and a number of studies has reported that the endodermis is the most important site of heavy metal accumulation (Ederli et al, 2004;Lux et al, 2004;Wójcik et al, 2005). According to Enstone et al (2003), this tissue serves as a physiological barrier protecting the plant from various stress factors.…”

Section: Antioxidant Enzyme Activitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The chemical modifications of apoplastic barriers and their thickening are important plant adaptations to stress (Enstone et al, 2003), and a number of studies has reported that the endodermis is the most important site of heavy metal accumulation (Ederli et al, 2004;Lux et al, 2004;Wójcik et al, 2005). According to Enstone et al (2003), this tissue serves as a physiological barrier protecting the plant from various stress factors. As seen under salt-stress, the development of apoplastic barriers (such as the endodermis) has been correlated with increasing resistance to the radial flow of water and solutes in roots, resulting in reduced ion uptakes (i.e.…”

Section: Antioxidant Enzyme Activitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cd-tolerance markers of Pfaffia glomerata (Spreng.) Pedersen plants: anatomical and physiological features

Gomes

Marques

Martins

et al. 2012

Braz. J. Plant Physiol.

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Physiological and anatomical features of Cd-tolerance in Pfaffia glomerata were examined by exposing plantlets to nutrient solutions with increasing Cd concentrations (0, 15, 45, and 90 µmol Cd L -1 ), and possible Cd-tolerance markers were established. Cd contents were found to be higher in roots than in shoots. According to the bioconcentration factor data, this species is effectively a Cd-hyperaccumulator, as previously attested. Cd induced the appearance of xeromorphic characteristics in leaves (decreased water potential, increased numbers and decreased stomata size) and increased root endodermis thickness. The enzymatic antioxidant systems of roots and leaves were differently affected by Cd. The coordinated activities of antioxidant enzymes were effective in reducing Cd-induced reactive oxygen species in plants, mainly in leaves. Root endodermis thickness, stomatal size and numbers, root superoxide dismutase, and guaiacol peroxidase, as well as leaf guaiacol peroxidase and catalase activities can all be considered Cd-tolerance markers in Pfaffia glomerata. Due to its high root Cd accumulation, Pfaffia glomerata may be useful in Cd-phytoextraction programs, however the pharmacological use of plants grown in the presence of Cd must be avoided.

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Root Endodermis and Exodermis: Structure, Function, and Responses to the Environment

Cited by 580 publications

References 106 publications

Morpho-Anatomical Changes in Roots of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) under Drought Stress Condition

Morpho-Anatomical Changes in Roots of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) under Drought Stress Condition

Impact of Edaphic Hydrocarbon Pollution on the Morphology and Physiology of Pea Roots (Pisum Sativum L.)

Cd-tolerance markers of Pfaffia glomerata (Spreng.) Pedersen plants: anatomical and physiological features

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