Root Exudates of Stressed Plants Stimulate and Attract<i>Trichoderma</i>Soil Fungi

Lombardi, Nadia; Vitale, Stefania; Turrà, David; Reverberi, Massimo; Fanelli, C.; Vinale, Francesco; Marra, Roberta; Ruocco, Michelina; Pascale, Alberto; d’Errico, Giada; Woo, Sheridan L.; Lorito, Matteo

doi:10.1094/mpmi-12-17-0310-r

Cited by 153 publications

(92 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…Plant roots release complex mixtures of bioactive molecules, including those affecting the activity and composition of the rhizosphere microbiota (Sasse et al, 2018). For example, tomato root exudates, which act as chemoattractants of the biocontrol fungus Trichoderma harzianum, were shown to contain peroxidases and oxylipins, both known to be released by roots in response to stress (Lombardi et al, 2018). Other examples are benzoxazinoids, a class of defensive secondary metabolites released by roots of cereals such as wheat and maize.…”

Section: Root Exudatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Multiple Facets of Plant–Fungal Interactions Revealed Through Plant and Fungal Secretomics

2020

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The plant secretome is usually considered in the frame of proteomics, aiming at characterizing extracellular proteins, their biological roles and the mechanisms accounting for their secretion in the extracellular space. In this review, we aim to highlight recent results pertaining to secretion through the conventional and unconventional protein secretion pathways notably those involving plant exosomes or extracellular vesicles. Furthermore, plants are well known to actively secrete a large array of different molecules from polymers (e.g. extracellular RNA and DNA) to small compounds (e.g. ATP, phytochemicals, secondary metabolites, phytohormones). All of these play pivotal roles in plant-fungi (or oomycetes) interactions, both for beneficial (mycorrhizal fungi) and deleterious outcomes (pathogens) for the plant. For instance, recent work reveals that such secretion of small molecules by roots is of paramount importance to sculpt the rhizospheric microbiota. Our aim in this review is to extend the definition of the plant and fungal secretomes to a broader sense to better understand the functioning of the plant/microorganisms holobiont. Fundamental perspectives will be brought to light along with the novel tools that should support establishing an environment-friendly and sustainable agriculture.

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Section: Root Exudatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Multiple Facets of Plant–Fungal Interactions Revealed Through Plant and Fungal Secretomics

2020

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“…interact directly with soil pathogens using efficient mechanisms such as mycoparasitism, antibiotic production and competition for nutrients. 20 A recent study from Lombardi et al 68 showed that tomato plants exposed to abiotic and biotic stress attracted the germ tubes of Trichoderma spp. Although the attractants were not identified, the authors suggested that peroxidases and oxylipins may be involved.…”

Section: Molecules Attracting Beneficial Organismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role and exploitation of underground chemical signaling in plants

Guerrieri

Dong

Bouwmeester

2019

Pest Management Science

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The soil ecosystem is composed of a mixture of living organisms and non‐living matter as well as the complex interactions between them. In the past 100 years or so, agricultural soil ecosystems have been strongly affected by agricultural practices such as tillage and the use of pesticides and fertilizers, which strongly affect soil nutrient composition, pH and biodiversity. In modern pest management, however, the focus is gradually shifting from crop production through agricultural practices to soil ecosystem protection. In this review we discuss how the underground chemical signals secreted by plant roots play a role in keeping the soil ecosystem in balance and how they affect plant fitness by shaping the root biome, increasing nutrient availability, promoting symbiosis, and attracting beneficial organisms and repelling harmful ones, including other plants. We review a number of fascinating cases, such as signaling molecules with dual, positive and negative, functions and bacterial quorum sensing mimicking molecules. Finally, examples of how these compounds can be exploited in modern pest management are reviewed, and the prospects for future developments discussed. © 2019 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.

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“…However, there is much less compelling evidence than with insects of region-wide, density-dependent numerical population control by natural enemies (Parratt & Laine, 2018), especially in natural ecosystems. More commonly, 'beneficial' microbes provide specific barriers at the plant surface, especially when augmented by targeted agronomic tactics (Finkel et al, 2017;Lombardi et al, 2018). Some natural enemies of pathogens show sophisticated host-orienting mechanisms, but these typically function at a more microsite scale than the long-distance directed locomotion of predators and parasitoids attacking insects.…”

Section: Forummentioning

confidence: 99%

Why do entomologists and plant pathologists approach trophic relationships so differently? Identifying biological distinctions to foster synthesis

2019

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ViewpointsWhy do entomologists and plant pathologists approach trophic relationships so differently? Identifying biological distinctions to foster synthesis Summary Plant interactions with herbivores and pathogens are among the most widespread ecological relationships, and show many congruent properties. Despite these similarities, general models describing how plant defenses function in ecosystems, and the prioritization of responses to emerging challenges such as climate change, invasive species and habitat alteration, often differ markedly between entomologists and plant pathologists. We posit that some fundamental distinctions between how insects and pathogens interact with plants underlie these differences. We propose a conceptual framework to help incorporate these distinctions into robust models and research priorities. The most salient distinctions include features of host-searching behavior, evasion of plant defenses, plant tolerance to utilization, and sources of insect and microbial population regulation. Collectively, these features lead to relatively more diffuse and environmentally mediated plant-insect interactions, and more intimate and genetically driven plant-pathogen interactions. Specific features of insect vs pathogen life histories can also yield different patterns of spatiotemporal dynamics. These differences can become increasingly pronounced when scaling from controlled laboratory to open ecological systems. Integrating these differences alongside similarities can foster improved models and research approaches to plant defense, trophic interactions, coevolutionary dynamics, food security and resource management, and provide guidance as traditional departments increase collaborations, or merge into larger units.

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Root Exudates of Stressed Plants Stimulate and AttractTrichodermaSoil Fungi

Cited by 153 publications

References 69 publications

The Multiple Facets of Plant–Fungal Interactions Revealed Through Plant and Fungal Secretomics

The Multiple Facets of Plant–Fungal Interactions Revealed Through Plant and Fungal Secretomics

Role and exploitation of underground chemical signaling in plants

Why do entomologists and plant pathologists approach trophic relationships so differently? Identifying biological distinctions to foster synthesis

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