Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] has increasing nutritional, commercial, and economical value, and P and K nutrition may be needed to increase yield and profi t. A 2-yr (2008-2009) fi eld experiment with rainfed soybean was conducted in the hilly region of the state of Azad Jammu and Kashmir (AJK), at Rawalakot, Pakistan. Th e aim of the study was to evaluate the eff ects of P-K fertilization on soybean root nodulation, seed yield, seed composition and N, P, and K uptake. Th e experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Treatments included three levels of P (60, 90, and 120 kg P 2 O 5 ha -1 ), two levels of K (40 and 80 kg K 2 O ha -1 ), and a control, represented as P 0 , P 60 , P 90 , P 120 and K 0 , K 40 , and K 80 , respectively. Results indicated that number of root nodules increased with P-K fertilization to 75 and 136 compared with 68 in the control. Yield responses to P-K fertilization occurred to all rates, and the highest yield was observed in the combined treatment of P 120 K 40 . Total N, P, and K uptake in the plant (shoot + seed) tended to follow yield responses, while seed protein was increased by 8 to 13% due to P and 11 to 19% due to K. Application of P or K alone or in combination signifi cantly increased oil content. Th is study demonstrates that P-and K-defi cient soils are likely to produce crops with low yields and low seed oil levels, and appropriate P-K management could be an eff ective approach to increase and sustain soybean production in the mountain ecosystems.