Root hairs: Specialized tubular cells extending root surfaces

Peterson, R. L.; Farquhar, M. L.

doi:10.1007/bf02868919

Cited by 180 publications

(108 citation statements)

References 241 publications

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“…For example, Hordeum, Secale, Elytrigia and Triticum are commonly put in the same tribe as are Avena and Holcus, but they are diverse in presence of trichoblasts (Table 1). This point has also been raised by Peterson & Farquar (1996). Curiously, a tetraploid triticale hybrid originally created by C. G. Vosa between Triticum monococcum and Secale cereale shows no evidence of trichoblasts, whereas both parent species bear obvious trichoblasts as do ten cultivars derived from crosses between T. aestivum and S. cereale provided by J. Valentine.…”

Section: Trichoblastsmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…In Phleum it is the distal, but in Hydrocharis it is the proximal (Avers, 1963 ;Cutter & Feldman, 1970 ;Peterson & Farquar, 1996). In most of the Liliidae families sampled here containing species with trichoblasts, the proximal sister cell becomes the trichoblast ; however, it is the distal sister in Juncaceae, Restionaceae and Cyperaceae, as well as in Poaceae where half the species were found to lack trichoblasts (Table 1).…”

Section: Trichoblastsmentioning

confidence: 93%

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Pattern in root meristem development in angiosperms

2000

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Roots of angiosperms differ in the behaviour of their apical meristems, and this diversity has been studied through the patterns of differentiation in a range of families. Except for three families of the Nymphaeales, all dicotyledons derive the epidermis wholly or partially with the root cap. In closed meristems the inner cell layer of the cap complex forms the epidermis ; in open meristems, where cortex and cap are intermittently of common origin, linkages between the epidermis and the cap predominate. Roots of most monocotyledons derive the epidermis as the outer layer of the cortex. Nymphaeaceae, Cabombaceae and Barclayaceae resemble monocotyledons in this respect, and this applies even in the species with open meristems, in which a cleft forms between the cap and the rest of the apex. This feature fits with the close relationship between the Nymphaeales and monocotyledons revealed by other data. But none of the other Magnoliidae with close links to Liliidae has this type of epidermis. The Nymphaeales are also almost unique among dicotyledons in having trichoblasts in a vertical pattern. This results from transverse divisions of epidermal cells giving two conspicuously different daughters. The smaller and most densely staining one later bears a root hair. This is the way trichoblasts develop in many monocotyledons. The only other dicotyledons found with trichoblasts in vertical patterns are in the Piperaceae, though their closed meristems derive the epidermis in the normal dicotyledon pattern. All other dicotyledons that bear trichoblasts develop them in radial patterns probably related to the radial disposition of cells across the cortex. This pattern is more widespread than was previously known, though it can occur only in roots with closed meristems. In plants of both subclasses with vertical patterns of trichoblasts, it is usually the proximal daughter of the initiating mitosis which becomes the trichoblast. But it is the distal daughter in Juncaceae, Restionaceae, Cyperaceae and Poaceae. Vertical patterns differ further as to whether the atrichoblast daughters divide after initiation, thus changing the alternation of trichoblasts and atrichoblasts along a file of epidermal cells. Monocotyledons and the Nymphaeaceae can produce trichoblasts in open or closed meristems. In some embryos and root primordia the epidermis becomes discrete from cortex and cap and remains so in the meristems. This has now been found in six aquatic genera of the Liliidae, but reports of it occurring elsewhere are probably due to misinterpretation of sections. Discrete epidermises differentiate into trichoblasts and atrichoblasts in Hydrocharitaceae, but not in Araceae or Lemnaceae.

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Section: Trichoblastsmentioning

confidence: 87%

Section: Trichoblastsmentioning

confidence: 93%

Pattern in root meristem development in angiosperms

2000

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“…To understand the regulatory mechanisms that give the shape of plant cells, root hairs have been intensively studied as a model system since they are nonessential under experimental growth conditions and highly accessible for microscopic observation (for reviews, see Peterson and Farquhar, 1996;Ridge and Emons, 2000). Root hairs are cellular protuberances resulting from the polar outgrowth of specific root epidermal cells, called trichoblasts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

TheArabidopsisPhosphatidylinositol Phosphate 5-Kinase PIP5K3 Is a Key Regulator of Root Hair Tip Growth

et al. 2008

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Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate [PtdIns(4,5)P 2 ] functions as a site-specific signal on membranes to promote cytoskeletal reorganization and membrane trafficking. Localization of PtdIns(4,5)P 2 to apices of growing root hairs and pollen tubes suggests that it plays an important role in tip growth. However, its regulation and mode of action remain unclear. We found that Arabidopsis thaliana PIP5K3 (for Phosphatidylinositol Phosphate 5-Kinase 3) encodes a phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate 5-kinase, a key enzyme producing PtdIns(4,5)P 2 , that is preferentially expressed in growing root hairs. T-DNA insertion mutations that substantially reduced the expression of PIP5K3 caused significantly shorter root hairs than in the wild type. By contrast, overexpression caused longer root hairs and multiple protruding sites on a single trichoblast. A yellow fluorescent protein (YFP) fusion of PIP5K3, driven by the PIP5K3 promoter, complemented the short-root-hair phenotype. PIP5K3-YFP localized to the plasma membrane and cytoplasmic space of elongating root hair apices, to growing root hair bulges, and, notably, to sites about to form root hair bulges. The signal was greatest in rapidly growing root hairs and quickly disappeared when elongation ceased. These results provide evidence that PIP5K3 is involved in localizing PtdIns(4,5)P 2 to the elongating root hair apex and is a key regulator of the machinery that initiates and promotes root hair tip growth.

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“…formação e aspectos funcionais. Peterson & Farquhar (1996) e outros autores descreveram o chamado "crescimento de topo" para os pêlos radiciais. Este crescimento pressupõe uma polarização do protoplasma celular responsável pela deposição das microfibrilas de celulose na parede primária no topo da célula.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

“…Da mesma forma que o desenvolvimento dos pelos radiciais teoricamente aumentam a superfície de absorção das raízes (Peterson & Farquhar 1996), neste trabalho, admitimos que o aumento em superfície no módulo de expressão potencialmente aumentaria a superfície capaz de realizar as trocas gasosas nas condições de alagamento do substrato. Dessa forma, o acréscimo em superfície no módulo de expressão, associado a outras variáveis, representa mais uma ferramenta na investigação de padrões de expressão morfológica em resposta às condições de alagamento do substrato.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

O aumento em superfície em Adelia membranifolia (Müll. Arg.) Pax & K. Hoffm. e Peltophorum dubium (Spreng.) Taub., em resposta ao estresse por deficiência nutricional e alagamento do substrato

Santiago

Paoli

2003

Rev. bras. Bot.

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Root hairs: Specialized tubular cells extending root surfaces

Cited by 180 publications

References 241 publications

Pattern in root meristem development in angiosperms

Pattern in root meristem development in angiosperms

TheArabidopsisPhosphatidylinositol Phosphate 5-Kinase PIP5K3 Is a Key Regulator of Root Hair Tip Growth

O aumento em superfície em Adelia membranifolia (Müll. Arg.) Pax & K. Hoffm. e Peltophorum dubium (Spreng.) Taub., em resposta ao estresse por deficiência nutricional e alagamento do substrato

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