Root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita induced changes in morpho-anatomy and antioxidant enzymes activities in Trachyspermum ammi (L.) plant: A microscopic observation

Danish, Mohammad; Robab, Merajul Islam; Marraiki, Najat; Shahid, Mohammad; Zaghloul, Nouf S. S.; Nishat, Yasar; Shaikh, Hisamuddin

doi:10.1016/j.pmpp.2021.101725

Cited by 11 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Furthermore, the reaction to antioxidant enzymes is dependent on a variety of parameters, including the kind of NP, the quantity of NPs, and the plant species; yet, the current findings are similar to Ashraf et al (2021). Likewise, Danish et al (2021b) observed substantial differences in the level of antioxidant enzymes (APX, POD, SOD, and CAT) in ajwain plants raised in soil exogenously inoculated with Ag-NPs and M. incognita. Disease attributes (gall formation and disease incidence) in Ag@CfL-NPs-treated tomatoes…”

Section: Antioxidant Enzymatic Activity Of Ag@cfl-nps-treated Tomato ...supporting

confidence: 64%

“…Peroxidase (POD) activity was determined by monitoring the absorbance at 470 nm every 20 s using the spectrophotometer (Ramzan et al, 2021). Determination of superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was performed according to Giannopolitis and Ries (1977), while catalase (CAT) activity was estimated as per methods described by Danish et al (2021b). The activity of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) was spectrophotometrically (UV-visible spectrophotometer; GENESYS 10S UV/VIS, Thermo Fisher Scientific, United States) determined in the plant treated with pathogens and Ag@Cf L-NPs as per the method given by Solekha et al (2020) (Please refer to the respective Supplementary information sections 2.1 and 2.2 in Supplementary information).…”

Section: Antioxidant Enzymatic Activitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The treatment of 100 mg Ag@Cf L-NPs kg −1 was constant, showing that all enzymes had their maximal activity. The enzyme peroxidase (POD) is accountable for controlling the metabolic activity, chlorophyll formation, respiration, substratum oxidation, growth development, and infections in plants (Danish et al, 2021b). POD is known to be involved in lignin production; they help plants defend themselves against infections by strengthening plant cell walls and conveying signals to other cells that are unaffected (Walters, 2011).…”

Section: Antioxidant Enzymatic Activity Of Ag@cfl-nps-treated Tomato ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nano-pesticidal potential of Cassia fistula (L.) leaf synthesized silver nanoparticles (Ag@CfL-NPs): Deciphering the phytopathogenic inhibition and growth augmentation in Solanum lycopersicum (L.)

et al. 2022

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Plant-based synthesis of silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) has emerged as a potential alternative to traditional chemical synthesis methods. In this context, the aim of the present study was to synthesize Ag-NPs from Cassia fistula (L.) leaf extract and to evaluate their nano-pesticidal potential against major phyto-pathogens of tomato. From the data, it was found that particle size of spherical C. fistula leaf synthesized (Ag@CfL-NPs) varied from 10 to 20 nm, with the average diameter of 16 nm. Ag@CfL-NPs were validated and characterized by UV-visible spectroscopy (surface resonance peak λmax = 430 nm), energy dispersive spectrophotometer (EDX), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and X-ray diffraction pattern (XRD), and electron microscopy; scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The FTIR spectra verified the participation of various living molecules (aromatic/aliphatic moieties and proteins) in synthesized Ag@CfL-NPs. The anti-phytopathogenic potential of Ag@CfL-NPs was assessed under in vitro conditions. Increasing doses of Ag@CfL-NPs exhibited an inhibitory effect against bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae and 400 μg Ag@CfL-NPs ml–1 caused a reduction in cellular viability, altered bacterial morphology, and caused cellular death Furthermore, Ag@CfL-NPs reduced exopolysaccharides (EPS) production and biofilm formation by P. syringae Additionally, Ag@CfL-NPs showed pronounced antifungal activity against major fungal pathogens. At 400 μg Ag@CfL-NPs ml–1, sensitivity of tested fungi followed the order: Fusarium oxysporum (76%) > R. solani (65%) > Sarocladium (39%). Furthermore, 400 μg Ag@CfL-NPs ml–1 inhibited the egg-hatching and increased larval mortality of Meloidogyne incognita by 82 and 65%, respectively, over control. Moreover, pot studies were performed to assess the efficacy of Ag@CfL-NPs to phyto-pathogens using tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) as a model crop. The applied phyto-pathogens suppressed the biological, physiological, and oxidative-stress responsiveness of tomatoes. However, 100 mg Ag@CfL-NPs kg–1 improved overall performance and dramatically increased the root length, dry biomass, total chlorophyll, carotenoid, peroxidase (POD), and phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) activity over pathogens-challenged tomatoes. This study is anticipated to serve as an essential indication for synthesis of efficient nano-control agents, which would aid in the management of fatal phyto-pathogens causing significant losses to agricultural productivity. Overall, our findings imply that Ag@CfL-NPs as nano-pesticides might be used in green agriculture to manage the diseases and promote plant health in a sustainable way.

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Section: Antioxidant Enzymatic Activity Of Ag@cfl-nps-treated Tomato ...supporting

confidence: 64%

Section: Antioxidant Enzymatic Activitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Antioxidant Enzymatic Activity Of Ag@cfl-nps-treated Tomato ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nano-pesticidal potential of Cassia fistula (L.) leaf synthesized silver nanoparticles (Ag@CfL-NPs): Deciphering the phytopathogenic inhibition and growth augmentation in Solanum lycopersicum (L.)

et al. 2022

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“…Specifically, it was revealed that the number of egg masses and galls increased significantly when the inoculum levels reached or exceeded 1000 J2s in capsicum plants [ 57 ]. In another investigation, it was further demonstrated that the quantity of egg masses, galls, and population of nematodes per root system exhibits a gradual increase as the inoculum (ranging from 100 to 4000 J2s per plant) increases [ 55 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Significant maximum increases ( p < 0.05) were observed in the plants infected with 2000 J2s in comparison with the control plants. The prior studies additionally revealed that the antioxidant enzymes and non-enzymes exhibited an increase in response to higher levels of nematode inoculation [ 55 , 64 ]. Moreover, proline serves as an osmolyte that protects plants under stressful conditions [ 65 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth, Physiological, and Biochemical Variations in Tomatoes after Infection with Different Density Levels of Meloidogyne enterolobii

Sikandar,

Wu,

et al. 2024

Plants

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Meloidogyne enterolobii is an extremely important plant parasitic nematode. Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is an essential worldwide vegetable, and M. enterolobii poses a major threat to its production. The present research investigated the effects of different levels of inoculum density of M. enterolobii (100, 500, 1000, 1500, and 2000 second-stage juveniles (J2s)/plant) on tomato growth, physiological, and biochemical changes at 7, 14, 21, and 28 days post-inoculation (dpi). The negative impact of M. enterolobii on plants gradually increased when the inoculum level increased. Therefore, M. enterolobii population densities (500–2000 J2s/plant) significantly (p < 0.05) reduced plant growth, photosynthetic pigmentation, gas exchange, and chlorophyll fluorescence compared to control plants, while the low population density (100 J2s/plant) showed very little influence. Furthermore, plants with the highest M. enterolobii inoculum (2000 J2s/plant) exhibited a greater number of egg masses and galls. The inoculum densities of M. enterolobii exhibited a notable correlation with the significant elevation of both malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) levels, which are recognized as very detrimental stresses in plants. Similarly, a rise in the activity of several defensive antioxidant enzymes, namely superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and peroxidase (POD), indicates the defensive mechanism used to combat the oxidative destruction produced by M. enterolobii. The specific activity of glutathione (GSH) and ascorbate (ASA) increased as potent antioxidant defense molecules in response to induced oxidative damage. In addition, our findings also demonstrated that the highest population density (2000 J2s/plant) increased the secondary metabolites responsible for scavenging oxidative stress in the plants. However, further research is required to explore the underlying reasons for this phenomenon and to develop efficient chemical or biocontrol strategies for managing M. enterolobii.

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Interactions of Opportunistic Fungi, Plants, and Plant Parasitic Nematodes

Danish,

Robab

2024

Opportunistic Fungi, Nematode and Plant Interactions

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Root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita induced changes in morpho-anatomy and antioxidant enzymes activities in Trachyspermum ammi (L.) plant: A microscopic observation

Cited by 11 publications

References 34 publications

Nano-pesticidal potential of Cassia fistula (L.) leaf synthesized silver nanoparticles (Ag@CfL-NPs): Deciphering the phytopathogenic inhibition and growth augmentation in Solanum lycopersicum (L.)

Nano-pesticidal potential of Cassia fistula (L.) leaf synthesized silver nanoparticles (Ag@CfL-NPs): Deciphering the phytopathogenic inhibition and growth augmentation in Solanum lycopersicum (L.)

Growth, Physiological, and Biochemical Variations in Tomatoes after Infection with Different Density Levels of Meloidogyne enterolobii

Interactions of Opportunistic Fungi, Plants, and Plant Parasitic Nematodes

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