Root lectin as a determinant of host–plant specificity in the Rhizobium–legume symbiosis

Diaz, C. L.; Melchers, Leo S.; Hooykaas, Paul J. J.; Lugtenberg, Ben; Kijne, Jan W.

doi:10.1038/338579a0

Cited by 334 publications

(160 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…In general, the interaction between RI uiciae and white clover does not proceed beyond root hair curling, and these bacteria are not able to penetrate host plant cells by infection thread formation (Yao and Vincent, 1969;Djordjevic et al, 1986;Huang et al, 1993). However, RI viciae is able to induce infection thread formation and nodulation in a significant percentage of white clover plants with roots transformed with the psl gene, as reported by Díaz et al (1989Díaz et al ( , 1995. This heterologous nodulation does not take place when a psl mutant, which encodes a non-sugar-binding protein, is used for transformation of white clover roots (Van Eijsden et al, 1992.…”

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confidence: 49%

Sugar-Binding Activity of Pea Lectin Expressed in White Clover Hairy Roots

et al. 1995

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Dénarié et al., 1992). Nodulation is regulated by a two-way exchange of plant and bacterial signal molecules (Fisher and Long, 1992;Spaink et al., 1993). Signal exchange begins in the rhizosphere. Rhizobia sense flavonoids secreted by seeds and by the host plant root, which activate the constitutively expressed nodD gene product (reviewed by Schlaman et al., 1992). This step is a determinant of host plant specificity in some Rhizobium-host plant combinations (Horvath et al., 1987; Spaink et al., 1987). Transcription of structural nod genes is under the control of NodD and results in production and secretion of specific lipochitin oligosaccharides (Nod factors), which act as host plant-specific inducers of nodule morphogenesis (reviewed by Dénarié and Cullimore, 1993;Spaink et al., 1993). Most probably, Nod factors constitute the primary determinants of host-plant specificity of nodulation.Root lectins are plant factors involved in nodulation. Lectins are nonenzymatic sugar-binding (g1yco)proteins characterized by sugar-binding specificity. For example, root PSL is Glc/Man specific (Díaz et al., 1990) and white clover root lectin is 2-deoxyglucose specific (Sherwood et al., 1984). In general, the interaction between RI uiciae and white clover does not proceed beyond root hair curling, and these bacteria are not able to penetrate host plant cells by infection thread formation (Yao and Vincent, 1969;Djordjevic et al., 1986;Huang et al., 1993). However, RI viciae is able to induce infection thread formation and nodulation in a significant percentage of white clover plants with roots transformed with the psl gene, as reported by Díaz et al. (1989Díaz et al. ( , 1995. This heterologous nodulation does not take place when a psl mutant, which encodes a non-sugar-binding protein, is used for transformation of white clover roots (Van Eijsden et al., 1992. These results strongly suggest that (a) PSL is functionally expressed in transgenic white clover roots, (b) conservation of the sugar-binding activity of PSL is necessary for infection of white clover by RI viciae, and (c) root lectin helps to break a host plant-specific barrier for nodulation. The relationship between Nod factor recognition by host plants and Rhizobium recognition by host lectin is not yet clear.PSL is an ellipsoidal, nonglycosylated dimeric lectin with two sugar-binding sites, each located near the top of two identical monomers (Einspahr et al., 1988). PSL is encoded by a single gene (Gatehouse et al., 1987;Kaminski et al., 1987) and is synthesized as a single translation product, a prolectin with a molecular mass of 28 kD. Posttranslational modifications result in a protein that dissociates into two p subunits (18 kD each) and two 01 subunits (6 kD each, Higgins et al., 1983)

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confidence: 49%

Sugar-Binding Activity of Pea Lectin Expressed in White Clover Hairy Roots

et al. 1995

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“…Important steps to establish this rhizocoenosis are the adsorption of bacteria to the root surface and the colonization of the root. It is known that different protein or carbohydrate components of the bacterial cell surface are involved in attachment to plant surfaces (Diaz et al ,1989 ;Vesper & Bauer, 1986 ;Whatley et a/. , 1976).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of cell surface components of Azospirillum brasilense Sp7 as antigenic determinants for strain-specific monoclonal antibodies

Schloter¹,

Moens

Croes

et al. 1994

Microbiology

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Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) with high specificity for Azospirillum brasilense Sp7, and which bind to different antigenic determinants, were characterized using Western blot techniques applied to one-and two-dimensional fingerprints of the outer-membrane components, and by immunogold labelling combined with transmission electron microscopy. One class of mAbs, which bound to A. brasilense Sp7 and the closely related strain Cd, recognized a 100 kDa protein subunit of the polar flagellum. Two classes of strain-specific mAbs for A. brasilense Sp7 bound, respectively, to a 85 kDa outer-membrane protein and to polysaccharide.

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“…Therefore, the ability of a NOD factor to induce root-hair curling and infection, leading to nodule formation, have been demonstrated (Lerouge et al, 1990). More incisive data to attribute legume lectins with the role of recognition in symbiosis came from work of Diaz et al (1989) who showed that trangenic roots of white-clover expressing the pea lectin gene could be noduled by R. leguminosarum, a specific symbiont of pea roots, although no true functioning nodules were obtained. Later, Fabre et al (1994) showed through molecular modelling and docking experiments that the legume lectin from Lathyrus ochrus could interact with NOD factor expressed by R. leguminosarum bv.…”

Section: Lectins As a Recognition Factor In Leguminous Plantmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…More recently, increasing efforts have been made to establish the physiological role of plant lectins and two distinct hypothesis has been placed on the evidence to explain how lectins are involved in the metabolism of their native plants (Van Damme et al, 1998). The first one takes into consideration the possible involvement of some lectins as molecules of recognition in leguminous plants, displayed in the complex establishment of symbiosis with bacteria rhizobia (Diaz et al, 1989). The second describes lectins as defense proteins protecting plants against infections or physical attack caused by microrganisms and predators .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%