Root morphology of <i>Thlaspi goesingense</i> Hálácsy grown on a serpentine soil

Himmelbauer, M.; Puschenreiter, Markus; Schnepf, Andrea; Loiskandl, Willibald; Wenzel, Walter W.

doi:10.1002/jpln.200420434

Cited by 18 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Therefore, values given for T. caerulescens by Sterckeman et al (2004) may have largely underestimated the true root length. Similar characteristics of fine roots and root hairs as observed in the present study have recently been reported also for the metal hyperaccumulator Thlaspi goesingense (Himmelbauer et al, 2005).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Cadmium Leaching from Micro‐Lysimeters Planted with the Hyperaccumulator Thlaspi caerulescens

et al. 2006

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The use of heavy metal hyperaccumulating plants has the potential to become a promising new technique to remediate contaminated sites. We investigated the role of metal mobilization in the Cd hyperaccumulation of Thlaspi caerulescens (J. & C. Presl, 'Ganges'). In a micro-lysimeter experiment we investigated the dynamics of Cd concentration of leachate as well as Cd removal by plant uptake in four treatments: (i) Control (bare soil), (ii) T. caerulescens, (iii) nonhyperaccumulator Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. ('PI 426308'), and (iv) co-cropping of the hyperaccumulator and nonhyperaccumulator. The experimental findings were analyzed using one- and two-site rate-limited desorption models. Co-cropping of T. caerulescens and B. juncea did not enhance metal uptake by B. juncea. Although Cd uptake of T. caerulescens was 10 times higher than that of B. juncea, the Cd concentration of leachate of the T. caerulescens treatment did not decrease below that of the B. juncea treatment. The Cd depletion in leachate was well reproduced by the two-site rate-limited desorption model. The optimized desorption coefficient was three orders of magnitude higher in the rhizosphere than in the bulk soil. Our results indicate that T. caerulescens accelerates the resupply of Cd from soil pointing to an important role of kinetic desorption in the hyperaccumulation by T. caerulescens.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Cadmium Leaching from Micro‐Lysimeters Planted with the Hyperaccumulator Thlaspi caerulescens

et al. 2006

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“…Shoots were cut at the soil surface and were separated. Roots were excavated to a depth of 30 cm and then completely immersed in a water‐filled container and washed with tap water until free of soil (Himmelbauer et al, 2005). Nodules on the root system were picked off and counted.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soybean Yield and Chemical Composition in Response to Phosphorus–Potassium Nutrition in Kashmir

et al. 2012

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Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] has increasing nutritional, commercial, and economical value, and P and K nutrition may be needed to increase yield and profi t. A 2-yr (2008-2009) fi eld experiment with rainfed soybean was conducted in the hilly region of the state of Azad Jammu and Kashmir (AJK), at Rawalakot, Pakistan. Th e aim of the study was to evaluate the eff ects of P-K fertilization on soybean root nodulation, seed yield, seed composition and N, P, and K uptake. Th e experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Treatments included three levels of P (60, 90, and 120 kg P 2 O 5 ha -1 ), two levels of K (40 and 80 kg K 2 O ha -1 ), and a control, represented as P 0 , P 60 , P 90 , P 120 and K 0 , K 40 , and K 80 , respectively. Results indicated that number of root nodules increased with P-K fertilization to 75 and 136 compared with 68 in the control. Yield responses to P-K fertilization occurred to all rates, and the highest yield was observed in the combined treatment of P 120 K 40 . Total N, P, and K uptake in the plant (shoot + seed) tended to follow yield responses, while seed protein was increased by 8 to 13% due to P and 11 to 19% due to K. Application of P or K alone or in combination signifi cantly increased oil content. Th is study demonstrates that P-and K-defi cient soils are likely to produce crops with low yields and low seed oil levels, and appropriate P-K management could be an eff ective approach to increase and sustain soybean production in the mountain ecosystems.

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“…Rather than conducting comparisons between species, studies have focused on root length, depth, and surface area within a single species. Several hyperaccumulators have been described with small, shallow (<0.5 m) root systems and a high proportion of fine roots that contribute to trace element accumulation (Keller et al 2003;Himmelbauer et al 2005). Although these reports featured shallowrooted plants, deep-rooted (2 m) herbaceous species such as Biscutella laevigata (Cd-hyperaccumulator) exist (Kutschera and Lichtenegger 1992), and roots of many hyperaccumulator tree species remain unexamined but could be large and deep.…”

Section: Root Physical Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Metallophytes—a view from the rhizosphere

2010

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Some plants hyperaccumulate metals or metalloids to levels several orders of magnitude higher than other species. This intriguing phenomenon has received considerable attention in the past decade. While research has mostly focused on the above-ground organs, roots are the sole access point to below-ground trace elements and as such they play a vital role in hyperaccumulation. Here we highlight the role of the root as an effective trace element scavenger through interactions in the rhizosphere. We found that less than 10% of the known hyperaccumulator species have had their rhizospheres examined. When studied, researchers have focused on root physical characteristics, rhizosphere chemistry, and rhizosphere microbiology as central themes to understand plant hyperaccumulation. One physical characteristic often assumed about hyperaccumulators is that their roots are small, but this is not true for all species and many species remain unexamined. Transporters in root membranes provide avenues for root uptake, while root growth and morphology influence plant access to trace elements in the rhizosphere. Some hyperaccumulators exhibit unique root scavenging and direct their growth toward elements in soil. Studies on hyperaccumulator rhizosphere chemistry have examined the role of the root in altering elemental solubility through exudation and pH changes. Different interpretations have been reported for mobilization of non-labile trace element pools by hyperaccumulators. However, there is a lack of evidence for a novel role for rhizosphere acidification in hyperaccumulation. As for microbiological studies, researchers have shown that bacteria and fungi in the hyperaccumulator rhizosphere may exhibit increased metal tolerance, act as plant growth promoting microorganisms, alter elemental solubility, and have significant effects on plant trace element concentrations. New evidence suggests that symbiosis with arbuscular mycorrhizae may not be rare in hyperaccumulator taxa, even in some members of the Brassicaceae. Although there are several reports on the presence of mycorrhizae, a cohesive interpretation of their role in hyperaccumulation remains elusive. In summary, we present the current state of knowledge about how roots hyperaccumulate and we suggest ways in which this knowledge can be applied and improved.

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Root morphology of Thlaspi goesingense Hálácsy grown on a serpentine soil

Cited by 18 publications

References 25 publications

Cadmium Leaching from Micro‐Lysimeters Planted with the Hyperaccumulator Thlaspi caerulescens

Cadmium Leaching from Micro‐Lysimeters Planted with the Hyperaccumulator Thlaspi caerulescens

Soybean Yield and Chemical Composition in Response to Phosphorus–Potassium Nutrition in Kashmir

Metallophytes—a view from the rhizosphere

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