Root plasticity under abiotic stress

Karlova, Rumyana; Boer, D.R.; Hayes, Scott; Testerink, Christa

doi:10.1093/plphys/kiab392

Cited by 228 publications

(153 citation statements)

References 183 publications

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“…This concluded that ZmBES1/BZR1-3 and ZmBES1/BZR1-9 suppressed the root development, which resulted in an increase in drought sensitivity. Adjusting the root system architecture is one important clue for plants to conquer stress due to the root being the first defensive line to adapt to their environment [ 35 , 36 ]. Moreover, bes1-D had a shorter meristem size in the root [ 37 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maize ZmBES1/BZR1-3 and -9 Transcription Factors Negatively Regulate Drought Tolerance in Transgenic Arabidopsis

Feng

Liu

Cao

et al. 2022

IJMS

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The BRI1-EMS suppressor 1 (BES1)/brassinazole-resistant 1(BZR1) transcription factors play crucial roles in plant growth, development, and stress response. However, little is known about the function of maize’s BES1/BZR1s. In this study, the ZmBES1/BZR1-3 and ZmBES1/BZR1-9 genes were cloned from maize’s inbred line, B73, and they were functionally evaluated by analyzing their expression pattern, subcellular localization, transcriptional activation activity, as well as their heterologous expression in Arabidopsis, respectively. The results of the qRT-PCR showed that the ZmBES1/BZR1-3 and ZmBES1/BZR1-9 genes were predominantly expressed in the root, and their expression was significantly down-regulated by drought stress. The ZmBES1/BZR1-3 and ZmBES1/BZR1-9 proteins localized in the nucleus but showed no transcriptional activation activity as a monomer. Subsequently, it was found that the heterologous expression of the ZmBES1/BZR1-3 and ZmBES1/BZR1-9 genes in Arabidopsis decreased drought tolerance, respectively. The transgenic lines showed a more serious wilting phenotype, shorter root length, lower fresh weight, and higher relative electrolyte leakage (REL) and malondialdehyde (MDA) content compared to the control under drought stress. The RNA-sequencing data showed that the 70.67% and 93.27% differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were significantly down-regulated in ZmBES1/BZR1-3 and ZmBES1/BZR1-9 transgenic Arabidopsis, respectively. The DEGs of ZmBES1/BZR1-3 gene’s expressing lines were mainly associated with oxidative stress response and amino acid metabolic process and enriched in phenylpropanoid biosynthesis and protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum. But the DEGs of the ZmBES1/BZR1-9 gene’s expressing lines were predominantly annotated with water deprivation, extracellular stimuli, and jasmonic acid and enriched in phenylpropanoid biosynthesis and plant hormone signal transduction. Moreover, ZmBES1/BZR1-9 increased stomatal aperture in transgenic Arabidopsis under drought stress. This study indicates that ZmBES1/BZR1-3 and ZmBES1/BZR1-9 negatively regulate drought tolerance via different pathways in transgenic Arabidopsis, and it provides insights into the underlying the function of BES1/BZR1s in crops.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maize ZmBES1/BZR1-3 and -9 Transcription Factors Negatively Regulate Drought Tolerance in Transgenic Arabidopsis

Feng

Liu

Cao

et al. 2022

IJMS

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“…Sensing of salt stress signals by the root meristematic zone leads to a series of responses such as remodeling of root system architecture, halotropism, and abscisic acid (ABA) accumulation and translocation to the shoot, all of which ultimately result in adaptation to salinity ( Galvan-Ampudia and Testerink, 2011 ; Shabala et al, 2016 ; Karlova et al, 2021 ). Similar salt sensing and signal transduction processes may also exist in shoot cells to detect and respond to salt ions such as Na + that are transported to the shoot via the transpiration stream, but their identity and specific roles need to be further explored.…”

Section: Sensing Of Salt Stressmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant Salinity Sensors: Current Understanding and Future Directions

et al. 2022

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Salt stress is a major limiting factor for plant growth and crop yield. High salinity causes osmotic stress followed by ionic stress, both of which disturb plant growth and metabolism. Understanding how plants perceive salt stress will help efforts to improve salt tolerance and ameliorate the effect of salt stress on crop growth. Various sensors and receptors in plants recognize osmotic and ionic stresses and initiate signal transduction and adaptation responses. In the past decade, much progress has been made in identifying the sensors involved in salt stress. Here, we review current knowledge of osmotic sensors and Na+ sensors and their signal transduction pathways, focusing on plant roots under salt stress. Based on bioinformatic analyses, we also discuss possible structures and mechanisms of the candidate sensors. With the rapid decline of arable land, studies on salt-stress sensors and receptors in plants are critical for the future of sustainable agriculture in saline soils. These studies also broadly inform our overall understanding of stress signaling in plants.

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“…The root system architecture (RSA), as a pivotal characteristic of the root economic spectrum, refers to the complex physical connectivity belowground of plant parts (i.e., first-order, second-order, i- th-order, and primary roots), linking the root tips of different root branching, which serves as a networked channel for the circulation of plant matter, energy, and information (Karlova et al, 2021 ). Compared with the morphological characteristic of fine roots, the RSA is more important for the absorption and uptake of nutrients and water (Luo et al, 2020 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Response Strategies of Root System Architecture to Soil Environment: A Case Study of Single-Species Cupressus funebris Plantations

Luo

Wang

et al. 2022

Front. Plant Sci.

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The root system architecture (RSA), being a key characteristic of the root economic spectrum, describes the spatial arrangement and positioning of roots that determines the plant's exploration of water and nutrients in the soil. Still, it remains poorly understood how the RSA of woody plants responds to the demand for water and nutrients in different soil environments and how the uptake of these resources is optimized. Here we selected single-species plantations of Cupressus funebris and determined their topological index (TI), revised topological index (qa and qb), root link length (RLL), root branching rate (Rb and Ri:Ri+1), and in situ soil physicochemical properties to assess which root foraging strategies adopt in different soil environments among Guang'an City (GA), Suining City (SN), Mianyang City (MY), and Deyang City (DY) in China. We also tested the potential effects of different nutrients upon RSA according to its plastic phenotype. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed that levels of soil nutrients were the highest at DY, followed by MY and SN, and lower at GA. A dichotomous branching pattern was observed for GA, SN, and MY, but a herringbone branching pattern for DY. The RLL was ranked as GA, > SN, > MY > DY. The Rb of GA, SN, and MY was significantly lower than that of DY (p < 0.05). Among the different city regions, values of R1/R2 were the largest in different regions and those of R4/R5 the smallest. The cross-sectional area of the root system did not differ between any two connected branch orders. The TI, qa, and RLL were significantly and negatively correlated with soil's water content, porosity, total nitrogen, total potassium, available nitrogen, and available phosphorus (p < 0.05), whereas they all had significant, positive relationships with soil temperature (p < 0.05). The Rb was significantly and positively correlated with total potassium in soil (p < 0.05). Redundancy analysis showed that total potassium was the main factor driving variation in RSA. Our results emphasize that the RSA is capable of corresponding plastic alterations by changing its number of internal or external links and the root link length of fine roots vis-à-vis a heterogeneous environment, thereby optimizing the rates of water capture and space utilization.

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Root plasticity under abiotic stress

Cited by 228 publications

References 183 publications

Maize ZmBES1/BZR1-3 and -9 Transcription Factors Negatively Regulate Drought Tolerance in Transgenic Arabidopsis

Maize ZmBES1/BZR1-3 and -9 Transcription Factors Negatively Regulate Drought Tolerance in Transgenic Arabidopsis

Plant Salinity Sensors: Current Understanding and Future Directions

Response Strategies of Root System Architecture to Soil Environment: A Case Study of Single-Species Cupressus funebris Plantations

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