Root resorption and the OPG/RANKL/RANK system: a mini review

Tyrovola, Joanna B.; Spyropoulos, Meropi N.; Makou, Margarita; Περρέα, Δέσποινα

doi:10.2334/josnusd.50.367

Cited by 125 publications

(121 citation statements)

References 89 publications

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“…This system includes the balance between OPG and RANKL on the tension and the compression side of the tooth during orthodontic tooth movement. 21 These factors may have been modulated by the loss of estrogen by ovariectomy and possibly increased osteoclastogenesis. 22 From these results, the OIRR in the OVX group may have been more severe than in the control group.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tooth movement and root resorption; The effect of ovariectomy on orthodontic force application in rats

Sirisoontorn

Hotokezaka

Hashimoto

et al. 2011

The Angle Orthodontist

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Objective: To quantify the amount of tooth movement and orthodontically induced root resorption (OIRR) in ovariectomized rats. Materials and Methods: Five 10-week-old female Wistar rats undergoing ovariectomy (OVX) were investigated as the experimental group, and the other five without ovariectomy served as the control group. Four weeks after ovariectomy, 25-g nickel-titanium closed-coil springs were applied mesially to the maxillary left first molars. Micro-computed tomography was taken at day 0, 1, 3, 7, 14, 21, and 28. At day 28, the molars were extracted. The surface area of root resorption craters, depth, and volume were measured using electron and laser scanning microscopes. Results: Tooth movement gradually increased with time throughout 28 days. There was a significant difference in the amount of tooth movement between the control group and the OVX group. For OIRR, the OVX group showed wide and shallow root resorption craters scattered on the mesial root. The deep resorption craters were observed on the distal roots distributed in the cervical, middle, and apical thirds of the roots. Statistically significant differences were found between the control and the OVX groups in the depth and the volume of root resorption craters in the distal roots and the total volume of root resorption craters in all three roots. Conclusion: Ovariectomy affected not only tooth movement but also OIRR. Tooth movement in the OVX group was more rapid than the control group. Furthermore, the amount of OIRR in the OVX group was more severe than the control group. (Angle Orthod. 2011;81:570-577.)

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tooth movement and root resorption; The effect of ovariectomy on orthodontic force application in rats

Sirisoontorn

Hotokezaka

Hashimoto

et al. 2011

The Angle Orthodontist

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“…The ratio of RANKL/RANK and RANKL/OPG regulates the bone microenvironment. If the balance between these ratios is disturbed, bone metabolism derangement is likely to occur (22).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adipocytes regulate the bone marrow microenvironment in a mouse model of obesity

Hang

et al. 2013

Molecular Medicine Reports

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Abstract. Obesity is markedly associated with abnormal bone density indicating the importance of adipocytes in bone metabolism. However, the specific function of adipocytes remains unclear, with marked discrepancies in observations of previous studies. In the present study, the effect of adipocytes on osteoblasts/osteoclasts was analyzed. A mouse model of obesity was established and an in vitro co-culture system was utilized containing adipocyte and MC3T3/RAW 264.7 cells in a Transwell plate. Compared with control mice, obese mice exhibited low body weight and bone mineral density of the tibia and fat cells were observed to accumulate in bone marrow. MC3T3/RAW 264.7 cells were co-cultured with adipocytes and the mRNA and protein expression of alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin was found to be decreased in MC3T3-E1 cells and mRNA and protein expression of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase and cathepsin K was significantly increased in RAW 264.7 cells. In addition, the effect of adipocytes on the osteoprotegerin (OPG)/receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL)/RANK system indicated that the RANKL/OPG ratio secreted by osteoblasts increased and RANK expression by osteoclasts increased, leading to increased osteoclastogenesis. These results indicate that bone metabolism is impaired in obese mice leading to decreased osteoblastogenesis and marked increases in osteoclastogenesis and low bone mass. IntroductionObesity is becoming increasingly prevalent, leading to reduced life expectancy and increased health problems (1). High body mass index (BMI) is associated with various diseases, including cardiovascular, obstructive sleep apnea, diabetes mellitus type 2, specific types of cancer and osteoarthritis (2). Bone metabolism is also abnormal in obesity (3) and positive and negative factors have been identified to be associated with bone health status (4-6). A number of previous studies have revealed that obesity stimulates bone formation by inhibiting apoptosis. A recent study demonstrated that high BMI prevents normal bone fracture and osteoporotic fracture in various age groups and genders (7). By contrast, it has also been reported that osteoporosis occurs in obese individuals (8). These inconsistencies may be due to the use of different animal models in each study.Adipose tissue, a large endocrine organ, secretes a number of hormones that affect bone metabolism. Adipocytes in the bone marrow microenvironment differentiate from bone marrow mesenchymal cells and secrete cytokines which affect osteoblast and osteoclast levels in bone marrow. The effect of adipocytes on osteoblasts/osteoclasts remains controversial.The aim of the present study was to identify the function of adipocytes in the bone marrow microenvironment. To analyze the biological foundations of bone metastasis in obesity, a high-fat diet was selected to establish a mouse model of obesity (9). The results indicate that adipocytes accumulate in the bone marrow environment and affect bone turnover and osteoblast/osteoclast differentiation....

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“…29 In addition, root resorption has been involved not only in osteoclastogenesis but also in odontoclastogenesis via the OPG/RANK/RANKL system. 30 Therefore, the medications and other substances have been used to inhibit the bone resorption such as bisphosphonates might show an effect on the prevention of root resorption during orthodontic treatment. 22 In the last 20 years, the number of adult orthodontic patients has dramatically increased.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Orthodontic tooth movement and root resorption in ovariectomized rats treated by systemic administration of zoledronic acid

Sirisoontorn

Hotokezaka

Hashimoto

et al. 2012

American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics

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Root resorption and the OPG/RANKL/RANK system: a mini review

Cited by 125 publications

References 89 publications

Tooth movement and root resorption; The effect of ovariectomy on orthodontic force application in rats

Tooth movement and root resorption; The effect of ovariectomy on orthodontic force application in rats

Adipocytes regulate the bone marrow microenvironment in a mouse model of obesity

Orthodontic tooth movement and root resorption in ovariectomized rats treated by systemic administration of zoledronic acid

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