Root sprouting ability and growth dynamics of the rootsuckers of Emmenopterys henryi, a rare and endangered plant endemic to China

Lianjin, Guo; Shao, Xinghua; Xue, Peng; Tian, Yun; Zhou, Xiao; Wu, Yanping

doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2016.12.009

Cited by 14 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…These results suggest that the reduction in cytokinin level in root tissues is caused by root-predominant CKX overexpression, and thus contributes to the inhibition of sprout development. It has also been proposed that the auxin to cytokinin ratio may play an important role in regulating root sprouting (Frey et al, 2003;Guo et al, 2017). For event 97 (which had no sprouts observed), we found a significant increase in the auxin to cytokinin ratio when compared to that of the wild-type roots (i.e.…”

supporting

confidence: 54%

“…Overproduction of cytokinins in transgenic plants using the Agrobacterium ipt gene resulted in enhanced adventitious shoot development from both callus tissues and unwounded plants (Smigocki and Owens, 1988). A high ratio of exogenously applied cytokinin/auxin enhances root sprouts in Emmenopterys henryi (Guo et al, 2017), and the positive effects of auxin depletion on shoot initiation in citrus was shown to be mediated by cytokinins (Hu et al, 2017). Overexpression of a cytokinin oxidase (CKX) gene has also been shown to affect shoot development.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Transgenic Reduction of Cytokinin Levels in Roots Inhibits Root-Sprouting in Populus

Zhai

Strauss

et al. 2019

Plant Physiol.

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Root sprouts-the formation of new shoots from roots-is an important mechanism for local gene flow from poplar (Populus spp). An effective strategy to reduce root sprout formation could therefore help to ensure containment during field research and commercial deployment of poplar when grown as exotic or transgenic forms. We used a flavonoid glycosyltransferase gene promoter from Scutellaria barbata (SbUGT) to drive the expression of AtCKX2, a cytokinin oxidase from Arabidopsis that converts active to inactive cytokinins in roots of poplar. In the greenhouse, SbUGT::AtCKX2 transgenic plants exhibited a similar shoot growth habit, but had enhanced root growth and fewer root sprouts, compared to the wild-type control and transgenic events with low transgene expression in roots. Under field conditions, the transgenic trees also had similar growth habits and stem growth rates that were not statistically different from wild-type trees over 3 years. Removal of trunks generally induced high rates of root sprouting; however, in selected SbUGT::AtCKX2 transgenic poplar events there was an absence or fewer root sprouts compared to wild-type trees, consistent with the greenhouse results. Our study demonstrates that the SbUGT::AtCKX2 gene can effectively inhibit root sprouting of poplar trees under field conditions, and thus may provide a useful tool to address concerns associated with root-sprouting-mediated transgene spread.

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supporting

confidence: 54%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Transgenic Reduction of Cytokinin Levels in Roots Inhibits Root-Sprouting in Populus

Zhai

Strauss

et al. 2019

Plant Physiol.

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“…Therefore, the interplay of auxins and cytokinins, i.e., a low auxins‐to‐cytokinins ratio, plays a key role in RS occurrence. Moreover, injury causing a further decrease in the ratio, might lie behind the triggering or boosting effect of an injury found in other RS species (Guo et al, 2017). Also, gibberellins might be an important contributor to RS ability because they were significantly higher in RS species than in non‐RS species.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In releasing adventitious buds from dormancy, phytohormones, and their interactions with environmental factors are inevitably also involved (Horvath et al, 2003; Chao et al, 2006). Therefore, endogenous auxins, cytokinins and the auxins‐to‐cytokinins ratio might play a critical role in RS control (Winton, 1968; Wolter, 1968; Guo et al, 2017). Regarding regeneration after injury, interactions between cytokinins and auxins have also been found to be critical (reviewed by, e.g., Duclercq et al, 2011; Motte et al, 2014; Schaller et al, 2015).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

What determines root‐sprouting ability: Injury or phytohormones?

Martínková

Motyka

Bitomský

et al. 2022

American J of Botany

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Premise Root‐sprouting (RS) is an evolutionarily independent alternative to axillary stem branching for a plant to attain its architecture. Root‐sprouting plants are better adapted to disturbance than non‐RS plants, and their vigor is frequently boosted by biomass removal. Nevertheless, RS plants are rarer than plants that are not root‐sprouters, possibly because they must overcome developmental barriers such as intrinsic phytohormonal balance or because RS ability is conditioned by injury to the plant body. The objective of this study was to identify whether phytohormones or injury enable RS. Methods In a greenhouse experiment, growth variables, root respiration, and phytohormones were analyzed in two closely related clonal herbs that differ in RS ability (spontaneously RS Inula britannica and rhizomatous non‐RS I. salicina) with and without severe biomass removal. Results As previously reported, I. britannica is a root‐sprouter, but injury did not boost its RS ability. Root respiration did not differ between the two species and decreased continuously with time irrespectively of injury, but their phytohormone profiles differed significantly. In RS species, the auxins‐to‐cytokinins ratio was low, and injury further decreased it. Conclusions This first attempt to test drivers behind different plant growth forms suggests that intrinsic phytohormone regulation, especially the auxins‐to‐cytokinins ratio, might be behind RS ability. Injury, causing a phytohormonal imbalance, seems to be less important in spontaneously RS species than expected for RS species in general.

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“…Vegetative propagation is an important tecniques means for conserving the germplasm of native and threatened species (Azad et al, 2018;Guo et al, 2017), and is the first stage that must be overcome for the domestication of species that have high economic potential (Atangana et al, 2006;Guimarães et al, 2019) stakes with 50% of leaflets cut from their original size showed 2.5% of rooting whereas those with 6 leaflets showed 22.5% of rooting. Stakes from pruned apical branches exhibited 21.2% of rooting.…”

Section: Substrates and Iba In Rhizogenesis Of Paratecoma Perobamentioning

confidence: 99%