Root System Architecture and Omics Approaches for Belowground Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Plants

Abstract

Plant growth and productivity is negatively affected by several abiotic stresses. To overcome the antagonistic effect of a changing environment, plants have evolved several modifications at the physiological as well as molecular levels. Besides being a vital organ for a plant’s nutrient uptake, roots also plays a significant role in abiotic stress regulation. This review provides insight into changing Root System Architecture (RSA) under varying environmental stimuli using high-throughput omics technologies. Several next-generation and high-throughput omics technologies, such as phenomics, genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics, will help in the analysis of the response of root architectural traits under climatic vagaries and their impact on crop yield. Various phenotypic technologies have been implied for the identification of diverse root traits in the field as well as laboratory conditions, such as root-box pinboards, rhizotrons, shovelomics, ground-penetrating radar, etc. These phenotypic analyses also help in identifying the genetic regulation of root-related traits in different crops. High-throughput genomic as well as transcriptome analysis has led researchers to unravel the role of the root system in response to these environmental cues, even at the single-cell level. Detailed analysis at the protein and metabolite levels can provide a better understanding of the response of roots under different abiotic stresses. These technologies will help in the improvement of crop productivity and development of resistant varieties.

Physio-Biochemical Integrators and Transcriptome Analysis Reveal Nano-Elicitation Associated Response during Dendrocalamus asper (Schult. and Schult. F.) Backer ex K. Heyne Micropropagation

“…The developmental switch regulating biomass/growth differences between control and treated plants is highly regulated by internal cues [ 36 ]. These regulatory components and mechanisms involved in sudden changes in the plant are not well-known.…”

Understanding role of roots in plant response to drought: Way forward to climate‐resilient crops

“…Changes in transcriptome profiles of various drought‐sensitive and drought‐tolerant genotypes have also been monitored. It is being reported that under abiotic stress, roots tend to display the expression of a greater number of transcripts as compared to leaves and shoots (Joshi et al., 2022). High‐throughput transcriptome studies have been conducted on plants subjected to drought stress, which highlighted the role of NAC‐encoding genes that are expressed in roots (Janiak et al., 2016); for instance, rice plants, overexpressing OsNAC10, had more thicker roots with enlarged epidermis and cortex (Jeong et al., 2010).…”