Roots and Uptake of Water and Nutrients

Carvalho, Pedro; Foulkes, M. J.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-2493-6_195-3

Cited by 25 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 199 publications

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“…). A deeper relative distribution of roots could comprise part of an ideotype to maximize N capture, and further improvements in root architecture could focus on root proliferation at depth in wheat (Carvalho and Foulkes ). Indeed, root length density (root length per unit volume of soil) is often below a critical threshold of 1 cm/cm 3 (Barraclough et al.…”

Section: Traits Influencing N‐uptake Efficiencymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Consequently, the primary root traits to improve for enhanced N capture include rooting depth and rooting density, especially for postanthesis N uptake (Foulkes et al 2009). A deeper relative distribution of roots could comprise part of an ideotype to maximize N capture, and further improvements in root architecture could focus on root proliferation at depth in wheat (Carvalho and Foulkes 2011). Indeed, root length density (root length per unit volume of soil) is often below a critical threshold of 1 cm/cm 3 (Barraclough et al 1989, Gregory andBrown 1989) for potential nitrate capture at lower depths in the rooting profile (Ford et al 2006.…”

Section: Root Size and Morphologymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Breeding for increased nitrogen‐use efficiency: a review for wheat (T. aestivum L.)

et al. 2016

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Nitrogen fertilizer is the most used nutrient source in modern agriculture and represents significant environmental and production costs. In the meantime, the demand for grain increases and production per area has to increase as new cultivated areas are scarce. In this context, breeding for an efficient use of nitrogen became a major objective. In wheat, nitrogen is required to maintain a photosynthetically active canopy ensuring grain yield and to produce grain storage proteins that are generally needed to maintain a high end-use quality. This review presents current knowledge of physiological, metabolic and genetic factors influencing nitrogen uptake and utilization in the context of different nitrogen management systems. This includes the role of root system and its interactions with microorganisms, nitrate assimilation and its relationship with photosynthesis as postanthesis remobilization and nitrogen partitioning. Regarding nitrogen-use efficiency complexity, several physiological avenues for increasing it were discussed and their phenotyping methods were reviewed. Phenotypic and molecular breeding strategies were also reviewed and discussed regarding nitrogen regimes and genetic diversity

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Section: Traits Influencing N‐uptake Efficiencymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Root Size and Morphologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Breeding for increased nitrogen‐use efficiency: a review for wheat (T. aestivum L.)

et al. 2016

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“…The main functions of plant root systems are Anchorage, support, and water and nutrient uptake, which carry forward many mechanisms that are important for a healthy growth and development of plant. (Carvalho and Foulkes, 2018) A root system of any plant is geotropically positive and achlorophyllous which includes primary root. Lateral roots, the apical meristem, a root cap and a root hair.…”

Section: Molecular Mechanism Of Root Hair Cell Formationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chickpea Plant It’s Molecular Regulation of Root Hairs: A Review

Kaur¹,

Sofi²,

Saini³

et al. 2021

PLANT ARCHIVES

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Chickpea is one of the most important leguminous, food crop. Conventional breeding has resulted in several important improvements in this crop. Chickpea is an important part of human nutrition as it has good nutritional value. This results suggest that a collective effect of superior morphological and physiological root traits confers better nutrition of chickpea genotypes in low nutrient soil conservation. We investigated the morphological (root length, root hairs) and physiological (root exudation of protons and phosphatase enzymes) root traits and related them to uptake of twelve nutrients by ten selected breeding lines of chickpea. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) acts as a signaling molecule that plays a very crucial role in maintaining normal plant growth. Salinity causes loss of chickpea crop in various regions and salt accumulates Na+ and Cl-ions in the tissues of plant that causes detrimental effects to chickpea. The increase of ROS can be decreased by the addition of Nod Factors (NFs) in the root hair cells. The level of calcium ions increases that lead to increase in the ROS species accumulated at the top of root hair cells.

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“…Second, we predicted that belowground herbivory is relatively more important than aboveground herbivory as a driver of plant tolerance (regrowth) under simultaneous attacks, but that this is only revealed with a ‘whole‐plant’ perspective. Roots are responsible for resource uptake and storage, and act as sensors for water‐deficit conditions (Brunner et al., 2015; Carvalho & Foulkes, 2018). In drought conditions, root growth takes precedence over leaf growth (Brunner et al., 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disentangling the influence of water limitation and simultaneous above and belowground herbivory on plant tolerance and resistance to stress

et al. 2021

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Plants face multiple biotic and abiotic stressors simultaneously. Many species can tolerate and resist stress, but countermeasures differ between roots and leaves. Since herbivores and environmental conditions modulate costs and benefits of plant defence traits, stress responses are context‐dependent. We examined whole‐plant tolerance and resistance responses to individual and combined effects of above and belowground herbivory under variable water conditions. We manipulated water availability and access by two common herbivores (Spodoptera exigua caterpillars and Meloidogyne incognita nematodes) to Solanum lycocarpum. Plants were either watered based on historical regional averages or the 30% reduction predicted by IPCC studies. Herbivory treatments included isolated above (AG) and belowground (BG) attacks, simultaneous (AGBG) attacks and no‐herbivory controls. We then parameterized generalized linear mixed‐effects models with data on plant survival, leaf and root biomass accumulation, root complexity and terpenoid concentration. Foliar herbivory increased terpenoid concentrations in roots relative to no‐herbivory plants under control water but decreased concentrations in both roots and leaves under drought. Similarly, root feeders increased concentrations of terpenoids in leaves under control water but decreased concentrations only in roots under drought. Plants challenged with AGBG herbivory had greater whole‐plant biomass (i.e. tolerance) and lower total concentrations of defensive compounds (i.e. resistance) than plants exposed to no‐herbivore controls, regardless of water conditions. Importantly, the capacity of plants to grow or produce terpenoids changes when herbivory level is considered. In plants exposed to AGBG herbivory, greater nematode infection was related to decreases in whole‐plant biomass and marginal increases in total terpenoid concentration. Ultimately, accounting only for individual AG and BG responses would have led to different conclusions and underestimated the magnitude of S. lycocarpum's compensatory responses. A ‘whole‐plant’ approach revealed that belowground herbivory is the primary driver of tolerance in plants surviving moderate water stress. Synthesis. Whole‐plant responses to stress in variable environments are complex, and their comprehensive understanding requires accounting for belowground herbivores and root responses.

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Roots and Uptake of Water and Nutrients

Cited by 25 publications

References 199 publications

Breeding for increased nitrogen‐use efficiency: a review for wheat (T. aestivum L.)

Breeding for increased nitrogen‐use efficiency: a review for wheat (T. aestivum L.)

Chickpea Plant It’s Molecular Regulation of Root Hairs: A Review

Disentangling the influence of water limitation and simultaneous above and belowground herbivory on plant tolerance and resistance to stress

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