Rootstock effects in grafted conifers: A review

Jayawickrama, K. J. S.; Jett, J. B.; McKeand, Steven E.

doi:10.1007/bf00029306

Cited by 35 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…This might have caused some imprecisions in genetic parameters due to uncontrolled rootstock × scion effect. Although the issue has been scarcely studied for forest trees [18], for loblolly pine, the rootstock × scion effect has been negligible compared to the effects of clone and site factors [19]. This was also supported by good survival of grafts indicating compatibility between rootstock and scions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 71%

Genetic Parameters of Growth Traits and Stem Quality of Silver Birch in a Low-Density Clonal Plantation

Zeltiņš

Matisons

Gailis

et al. 2018

Forests

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Silver birch (Betula pendula Roth) is productive on abandoned agriculture land, and thus might be considered as an option for profitable plantation forestry. Application of the most productive genotypes is essential. However, information about genetic gains in low-density plantations is still lacking. A 40-year-old low-density (400 trees ha −1 ) plantation of 22 grafted silver birch plus-tree clones growing on former agricultural land in the central Latvia was studied. Although grafted plantations are not common in commercial forestry, the trial provided an opportunity to assess genetic parameters of middle-aged birch. The plantation that had reached the target diameter for final harvest (DBH (diameter at breast height) = 27.7 ± 5.5 cm) had an 85% survival rate, and stemwood productivity was 5.25 m 3 ha −1 year −1 . Still, rootstock × scion interaction and cyclophysis might have caused some biases. Broad-sense heritability (H 2 ) ranged from 0.02 for probability of spike knots to 0.40 for branch angle. Estimated H 2 for monetary value of stemwood was 0.16. In general, the correlations between growth and stem quality traits were weak, implying independent genetic control, though branchiness strongly correlated with diameter at breast height. The monetary value of stemwood strongly correlated with productivity traits. The observed correlations suggested that productivity and stem quality of birch might be improved simultaneously by genetic selection.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 71%

Genetic Parameters of Growth Traits and Stem Quality of Silver Birch in a Low-Density Clonal Plantation

Zeltiņš

Matisons

Gailis

et al. 2018

Forests

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“…One of the determining factors when choosing rootstocks for forest species is the growth similarity and age between graft and rootstock (JAYAWICKRAMA et al, 1991). Similarly, vigor and stage of development have been determinant factors in grafting success, and favor young araucaria branches compared to those closer to senescence (WENDLING et al, 2017).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

ROOTSTOCK AGE AND GROWTH HABIT INFLUENCE TOP GRAFTING IN Araucaria angustifolia

Gaspar

Wendling

Stuepp

et al. 2017

CERNE

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ABSTRACT:The objective of this study was to evaluate the technical viability and influence of the rootstock age and grafts growth habit on Araucaria angustifolia top grafting. Two rootstocks (8 and 35-year-old) were grafted with grafts originating from two growth habits (orthotropic and plagiotropic). We used the patch grafting technique in the middle and upper third of the crown of 8-year-old trees, and in the middle and lower third of 35-year-old trees, always near the apex in primary branches. The experiments were performed during the fall and spring/2015. The treatments consisted of: 8-year-old rootstocks and orthotropic grafts; 8-year-old rootstocks and plagiotropic grafts; 35-yearold rootstocks and plagiotropic grafts; 35-year-old rootstocks and orthotropic grafts. We evaluated graft survival throughout the experiment and at 16 months, we evaluated their survival, emission, and number and average length of sprouts. Top grafting is technically feasible for araucaria, with better results using younger rootstocks (8-year-old), especially with plagiotropic propagules and grafting in fall/2015 (71.9%). Growth habits of the grafts are maintained identically as original, independently of rootstock growth habit. IDADE DO PORTA-ENXERTO E HÁBITO DE CRESCIMENTO INFLUENCIAM NA ENXERTIA DE COPA EM Araucaria angustifolia RESUMO:O presente trabalho objetivou avaliar a viabilidade técnica e a influência da idade do porta-enxerto e do hábito de crescimento na enxertia de copa em Araucaria angustifolia. Foram utilizados porta-enxertos de duas idades (8 e 35 anos), com enxertos originários de dois hábitos de crescimento (ortotrópicos e plagiotrópicos). A enxertia foi realizada por borbulhia de placa, no terço médio e superior da copa das árvores de 8 anos e no terço médio e inferior das árvores de 35 anos, sempre próximo ao ápice em ramos primários. Os experimentos foram instalados em duas épocas, no outono e na primavera de 2015. Os tratamentos consistiram de: Porta enxertos com 8 anos de idade e enxertos ortotrópicos; Porta enxertos com 8 anos de idade e enxertos plagiotrópicos; Porta enxertos com 35 anos de idade e enxertos plagiotrópicos; Porta enxertos com 35 anos de idade e enxertos ortotrópicos. Foram avaliadas a sobrevivência dos enxertos ao longo do experimento e aos 16 meses, sua sobrevivência, a emissão, número e comprimento médio de brotações. A enxertia de copa é viável tecnicamente para araucária. O uso de porta-enxertos mais jovens (8 anos) é favorável a sobrevivência dos enxertos, especialmente quando da utilização de propágulos plagiotrópicos e enxertia realizada no outono (71,9%

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“…In forest species, several factors have influenced the choice of rootstocks, including similarity of growth and appropriate age (Jayawickrama et al 1991). However, there are no studies for araucaria clonal rootstocks, for which seedlings are used without any prior selection of mother plants.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Araucaria angustifolia grafting: techniques, environments and origin of propagation material

2016

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SUMMARYAraucaria angustifolia (araucaria) is a remarkable species in the Mixed Ombrophilous Forest. The low germination of the stored seeds and its long reproductive cycle make grafting a good alternative for propagation, making possible to obtain genetically superior trees with early fruiting. However, araucaria grafting is still fraught with technical problems, culminating in low graft survival. With the objective to define and be able to explain the best methodology for the grafting of araucaria, we conducted studies based on five experiments evaluating the effects of: (I) environment and sex on graft survival; (II) methods of grafting and budding with shoots from stumps of stock plants; (III) techniques, indoor (nursery) and outdoor (directly in the field) grafting; (IV) budding with buds from different origins; and (V) chip budding with shoots from pruned apices of two ages stock plants. Graft survival was assessed throughout the experiments and the graft-union at the end. The use of controlled environments for grafting was favorable, especially in the glasshouse (64.1 % survival). Scions from female plants (55.5 % survival) showed higher suitability for grafting. Chip budding with shoots from pruned apices of 25 and 35-year-old stock plants showed survival of 87.5 % and 85.0 %, respectively. It is a technology that has unlimited potential for araucaria grafting, which may significantly contribute to its sustainable use.Key words: budding, Brazilian pine, clonal propagation, seed orchard, cleft graft. RESUMENAraucaria angustifolia (araucaria) es una especie que se destaca en el bosque de araucaria. La baja germinación de las semillas almacena-das y su ciclo reproductivo largo hace que la injertación se presente como una alternativa para la producción de plantas seleccionadas, genéticamente superiores y con mayor precocidad para fructificación. Sin embargo, la injertación en araucaria aún presenta problemas técnicos, culminando con una baja supervivencia de los injertos. Con el objetivo de definir y explicar el mejor método para la injertación de araucaria, se llevaron a cabo estudios basados en cinco experimentos que evaluaron el efecto de: (I) los ambientes y el sexo en la supervivencia del injerto; (II) métodos de púa en hendidura y de yema con brotes de cepa; (III) injertación directamente en campo y vivero; (IV) injerto de yemas de diferentes orígenes; (V) injerto de yemas de brotes de ápices de árboles adultos podados con dos edades. Fueron evaluadas la supervivencia de los injertos durante los experimentos y el prendimiento de los injertos al final. La utilización de ambientes protegidos para la realización de la injertación fue favorable, destacándose el invernadero de vidrio (64,1 % de prendimiento). Yemas provenientes de plantas matrices femeninas (55,5 %) mostraron mayor aptitud para la injertación. El injerto de yema en placa de brotes de ápices de árboles adultos podados, 25 y 35 años, presentó resultados de 87,5 % y 85,0 %, respectivamente. Es una tecnología que tiene gran potencial para el uso...

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Rootstock effects in grafted conifers: A review

Cited by 35 publications

References 11 publications

Genetic Parameters of Growth Traits and Stem Quality of Silver Birch in a Low-Density Clonal Plantation

Genetic Parameters of Growth Traits and Stem Quality of Silver Birch in a Low-Density Clonal Plantation

ROOTSTOCK AGE AND GROWTH HABIT INFLUENCE TOP GRAFTING IN Araucaria angustifolia

Araucaria angustifolia grafting: techniques, environments and origin of propagation material

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