Rootstocks and Varieties of Fruits, Berry Crops, and Grapes, Used for Intensive Gardening in Kazakhstan

Abstract

The results of the study of clonal rootstocks of apple trees of various ecological and geographical origins, varieties of fruit, berry crops, and grapes of local selection are presented. According to the efficiency of reproduction in the mother liquor and fields of nursery formation, as well as the short stature of trees of grafted varieties in the garden, precocity and productivity, clonal rootstocks of the apple tree B7-35, Arm18, 62-396, and B16-20 were distinguished. Their important role in unlocking the potential of ancient apple varieties in the south and southeast of Kazakhstan. These rootstocks and varieties are recommended for propagation and creation of highly productive orchards. The Ministry of Agriculture of the Republic of Kazakhstan provided funding within the framework of the budget program 267 “Improving the availability of knowledge and scientific research” under subprogram 101 “Program-targeted financing of scientific research and activities” – Creation of varieties and hybrids of fruit and berry, nut crops and grapes based on the achievements of bio and IT technologies, 2021–2023yy. No. BR10765032.

In Vitro Collection for the Safe Storage of Grapevine Hybrids and Identification of the Presence of Plasmopara viticola Resistance Genes

“…This work has been carried out by the Institute’s breeders over the years, and the varieties were selected for their economically and agronomically valuable traits and included some of the most important cultivars of current or historical importance in Kazakhstan. Plants were managed and grown in the experimental field according to the regular practical recommendations of the KSRIFGV [ 13 , 14 , 110 ]. Cuttings of 18 selected hybrids of grapevines grown for three years in the experimental area of KSRIFGV in Almaty (Kazakhstan) were used as a source of plant material for in vitro initiation.…”

“…In Kazakhstan, industrial viticulture began in the 1930s, and currently, grapes are grown on about 16,000 ha and have production levels of 82.7 thousand t annually [ 9 , 10 ]. Kazakh viticulture is characterized by a concentrated production zone in the southern regions of the republic; 98% of its grapes are grown in the Almaty, Zhambyl, and Kyzylorda regions [ 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 ]. In 2022, imports of grapes (67 thousand t) to Kazakhstan were 15 times higher than exports and amounted to USD 50 M per year [ 15 ].…”

“…In order to reduce the dependence on imported grapes, it is necessary to ensure the progressive development of the grape and wine industry by increasing the area and productivity of grape plantations within Kazakhstan. The strategies employed for these aims are the production and supply of healthy planting material for the grape industry as well as the breeding and introduction of genotypes, including our own varieties, that are resistant/tolerant to pests and diseases and are soil climate analogues [ 6 , 13 , 14 , 16 , 17 ].…”