ROR2/PCP a New Pathway Controlling Endothelial Cell Polarity Under Flow Conditions

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Endothelial cells (ECs) are sensitive to physical forces created by blood flow, especially to laminar shear stress. Among the cell responses to laminar flow, EC polarization against the flow direction emerges as a key event, particularly during the development and remodeling of the vascular network. EC adopt an elongated planar cell shape with an asymmetrical distribution of intracellular organelles along the axis of blood flow. This study aimed to investigate the involvement of planar cell polarity via the receptor ROR2 (receptor tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptor 2) in endothelial responses to laminar shear stress. METHODS: We generated a genetic mouse model with EC-specific deletion of Ror2 , in combination with in vitro approaches involving loss- and gain-of-function experiments. RESULTS: During the first 2 weeks of life, the endothelium of the mouse aorta undergoes a rapid remodeling associated with a loss of EC polarization against the flow direction. Notably, we found a correlation between ROR2 expression and endothelial polarization levels. Our findings demonstrate that deletion of Ror2 in murine ECs impaired their polarization during the postnatal development of the aorta. in vitro experiments further validated the essential role of ROR2 in both EC collective polarization and directed migration under laminar flow conditions. Exposure to laminar shear stress triggered the relocalization of ROR2 to cell-cell junctions where it formed a complex with VE-Cadherin and β-catenin, thereby regulating adherens junctions remodeling at the rear and front poles of ECs. Finally, we showed that adherens junctions remodeling and cell polarity induced by ROR2 were dependent on the activation of the small GTPase Cdc42. CONCLUSIONS: This study identified ROR2/planar cell polarity pathway as a new mechanism controlling and coordinating collective polarity patterns of EC during shear stress response.

Mechanosensitive membrane domains regulate calcium entry in arterial endothelial cells to protect against inflammation

“…Intracellular organelles, the Golgi apparatus and the microtubule-organizing center, are often used as indicators of endothelial planar polarity with respect to flow direction ( 4 – 6 ). However, after development, ECs in the descending aorta frequently display the Golgi apparatus positioned at the side of the nucleus ( 52 ), indicating neither an upstream nor a downstream polarization. Our current finding of polarized signaling domains, along with other reports of asymmetrically distributed plasma membrane proteins ( 7 – 9 ), suggests that the EC surface may serve as a direct readout of blood flow direction and, therefore, the lateral polarity of the arterial EC.…”