ROS Homeostasis and Plant Salt Tolerance: Plant Nanobiotechnology Updates

Abstract

Salinity is an issue impairing crop production across the globe. Under salinity stress, besides the osmotic stress and Na+ toxicity, ROS (reactive oxygen species) overaccumulation is a secondary stress which further impairs plant performance. Chloroplasts, mitochondria, the apoplast, and peroxisomes are the main ROS generation sites in salt-stressed plants. In this review, we summarize ROS generation, enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant systems in salt-stressed plants, and the potential for plant biotechnology to maintain ROS homeostasis. Overall, this review summarizes the current understanding of ROS homeostasis of salt-stressed plants and highlights potential applications of plant nanobiotechnology to enhance plant tolerance to stresses.

The Contrivance of Plant Growth Promoting Microbes to Mitigate Climate Change Impact in Agriculture

“…However, the disturbance of cell homeostasis due to ion imbalance generates ROS [81,82]. Excessive ROS accumulation in plant cells leads to numerous changes and damages, which in turn affect the condition of the plant, its yield and survival [83]. This could affect DNA, chlorophyll, enzymes and other proteins, which may lead to detrimental effects, and finally even cell death [20,[84][85][86].…”

“…These processes have a decisive influence on the condition of the plant and their development [6,9,[80][81][82]. Reducing the impact of plant diseases caused by pathogens, mitigating abiotic stress or inducing systemic resistance in competition for nutrients and niches are categorised as indirect mechanisms [6,83]. The most common and successful PGPB belong mainly to the genera Agrobacterium, Azospirillum, Azotobacter, Bacillus, Burkholderia, Pseudomonas, Streptomyces and Serratia [52,84].…”

“…In addition, some of the AST-PGPB hormone producers may also shift the synthesis of selected hormones in plants under various abiotic stresses [ 157 , 158 ]. It has been reported that IAA producing bacteria are very common within the AST-PGPB group [ 24 , 83 , 171 ]. Pepper inoculated with IAA-producing bacteria M. oleivorans KNUC7074, B. iodinum KNUC7183, and R. massiliae KNUC7586 increased chlorophyll concentration, as well as leaf water content under 200 mM NaCl salinity [ 160 ].…”

Genotoxic Evaluation of Fe3O4 Nanoparticles in Different Three Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) Genotypes to Explore the Stress-Resistant Molecules

“…According to a Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) report, many people still experience food shortages. Moreover, the requirements for food will gradually increase in the world, at least until 2030 [1]. Permanent pesticide, herbicide, and fungicide use, and climate change induce soil degradation and crop losses [2,3].…”

“…Recently, the relationship between plants and nanoparticles (NPs) has attracted scientists' attention, especially to its application in agricultural production as nanonutrition. It has been shown that a small number of different NPs are present in agricultural soil which have been shown to accumulate in plants [1].…”