ROS homeostasis mediated by MPK4 and SUMM2 determines synergid cell death

Völz, Ronny; Harris, William; Hirt, Heribert; Lee, Yong‐Hwan

doi:10.1038/s41467-022-29373-7

Cited by 25 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…In addition, we analyzed the expression of the MEKK1-MKK1/2-MPK4 signaling cascade members in the single female gametophytic cells. Recently, we reported [11] the expression and localization of MPK4 in the egg cell, central cell synergids, as depicted here in Fig. 4E together with the expression in the funiculus.…”

Section: Expression Analysissupporting

confidence: 60%

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The immune MEKK1-MKK1/2-MPK4 signaling cascade prevents invasive pollen tube growth in young seeds

Völz

Harris

Lee

2023

Preprint

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Pollen tubes (PT) deliver the immotile sperm cells to the female gametes thereby enabling double fertilization. In Arabidopsis, several factors have been reported that restrict the entrance of a single PT in the female gametophyte. These factors are located in or are associated with the female gametophyte. However, sporophytic-originating signaling cascades, that govern PT reception and entrance in the female gametophyte, remained largely elusive. Disruption of the MEKK1-MKK1/2-MPK4 cascade by pathogenic effectors activates the resistance protein SUMM2-mediated immunity. The knockout of SUMM2 in the mekk1 and mkk1/mkk2 mutant reduces their strong autoimmunity and enables flowering and pollen tube attraction. Here, we present evidence that the plant immune-associated MEKK1-MKK1/2-MPK4 signaling cascade prevents supernumerary PT invasion in the young seed. We found invasive PT growth after fertilization in mekk1/summ2 and mkk1/2/summ2 accompanied by a reduced seed formation. Deep inspection of the mpk4 single and mpk4/summ2 double mutant further revealed a SUMM2-independent invasive PT growth phenotype. The allele-transmission analysis of mpk4 indicates a sporophytic origin of this observed phenomenon. This outcome highlights a function of the defense-associated MEKK1-MKK1/2-MPK4 signaling cascade in the prevention of invasive PT. Our results demonstrate that the sporophytic control of PT reception and entrance is adapted from defense mechanisms.

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Section: Expression Analysissupporting

confidence: 60%

“…Recently, we showed that ROS homeostasis mediated by MPK4 and the NLR protein SUPPRESSOR OF mkk1 mkk2 (SUMM2) determines synergid cell death and pollen tube reception [11]. Synergid preservation and ROS homeostasis are intimately linked and maintained by MPK4.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The immune MEKK1-MKK1/2-MPK4 signaling cascade prevents invasive pollen tube growth in young seeds

Völz

Harris

Lee

2023

Preprint

Self Cite

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“…It is reported that MPK4 and MPK6 has an important role in salt stress signaling ( Ichimura et al, 2000 ). Völz et al (2022) showed that ROS homeostasis was mediated by MPK4 , and mpk4 mutant showed accumulation of hydrogen peroxide ( Völz et al, 2018 ). MPK4 may also be involved in photosynthetic electron transport and chloroplast ROS metabolism.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

ROS scavenging and ion homeostasis is required for the adaptation of halophyte Karelinia caspia to high salinity

et al. 2022

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The halophyte Karelinia caspia has not only fodder and medical value but also can remediate saline-alkali soils. Our previous study showed that salt-secreting by salt glands is one of main adaptive strategies of K. caspia under high salinity. However, ROS scavenging, ion homeostasis, and photosynthetic characteristics responses to high salinity remain unclear in K. caspia. Here, physio-biochemical responses and gene expression associated with ROS scavenging and ions transport were tested in K. caspia subjected to 100–400 mM NaCl for 7 days. Results showed that both antioxidant enzymes (SOD, APX) activities and non-enzymatic antioxidants (chlorogenic acid, α-tocopherol, flavonoids, polyamines) contents were significantly enhanced, accompanied by up-regulating the related enzyme and non-enzymatic antioxidant synthesis gene (KcCu/Zn-SOD, KcAPX6, KcHCT, KcHPT1, Kcγ-TMT, KcF3H, KcSAMS and KcSMS) expression with increasing concentrations of NaCl. These responses are beneficial for removing excess ROS to maintain a stable level of H2O2 and O2− without lipid peroxidation in the K. caspia response to high salt. Meanwhile, up-regulating expression of KcSOS1/2/3, KcNHX1, and KcAVP was linked to Na+ compartmentalization into vacuoles or excretion through salt glands in K. caspia. Notably, salt can improve the function of PSII that facilitate net photosynthetic rates, which is helpful to growing normally in high saline. Overall, the findings suggested that ROS scavenging systems and Na+/K+ transport synergistically contributed to redox equilibrium, ion homeostasis, and the enhancement of PSII function, thereby conferring high salt tolerance.

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“…ROS are beneficial in certain physiological processes such as cell signaling, induction of pro-mitotic responses, immune defense, cellular senescence, apoptosis, and breakdown of toxic compounds. However, most studies indicate that ROS causes cellular damage and impaired function during biological stress ( 81 ). ROS can react with lipids to form peroxides, which are then degraded to aldehydes (e.g., hydroxynonenal) that are toxic to neurons and white matter in the brain, induce apoptosis, and are significantly associated with focal ischemia in rats ( 82 ).…”

Section: How Ir Affects the Progression Of Ischemic Strokementioning

confidence: 99%

Insulin resistance in ischemic stroke: Mechanisms and therapeutic approaches

et al. 2022

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The pathological condition of insulin resistance prevents the neuroprotective effects of insulin. Numerous studies have demonstrated that insulin resistance, as an independent risk factor for ischemic stroke, accelerates the formation of thrombosis and promotes the development of atherosclerosis, both of which are major mechanisms of ischemic stroke. Additionally, insulin resistance negatively affects the prognosis of patients with ischemic stroke regardless of whether the patient has diabetes, but the mechanisms are not well studied. We explored the association between insulin resistance and the primary mechanisms of brain injury in ischemic stroke (inflammation, oxidative stress, and neuronal damage), looking for potential causes of poor prognosis in patients with ischemic stroke due to insulin resistance. Furthermore, we summarize insulin resistance therapeutic approaches to propose new therapeutic directions for clinically improving prognosis in patients with ischemic stroke.

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ROS homeostasis mediated by MPK4 and SUMM2 determines synergid cell death

Cited by 25 publications

References 54 publications

The immune MEKK1-MKK1/2-MPK4 signaling cascade prevents invasive pollen tube growth in young seeds

The immune MEKK1-MKK1/2-MPK4 signaling cascade prevents invasive pollen tube growth in young seeds

ROS scavenging and ion homeostasis is required for the adaptation of halophyte Karelinia caspia to high salinity

Insulin resistance in ischemic stroke: Mechanisms and therapeutic approaches

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