Rose bengal positive epithelial microerosions as a manifestation of equine keratomycosis

Brooks, Dennis; Andrew, Stacy E.; Denis, H. M.; Strubbe, D. T.; Biros, Daniel J.; Cutler, T. J.; Samuelson, D. A.; Gelatt, Kirk N.

doi:10.1046/j.1463-5224.2000.00128.x

Cited by 50 publications

(57 citation statements)

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“…Superficial keratectomies, debridement and, plaque scrapings were performed standing following sedation with xylazine 1 or detomidine 2 . A motor nerve block was then performed using 1% lidocaine 3 and tetracaine 4 was applied to provide topical anesthesia to the cornea. Loose pieces of the plaque were carefully removed with small scissors and placed in formalin.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They include tear film disruption [4], epithelial microerosions [4], ulcerations of variable stromal depths [1,[5][6][7][8][9], corneal dissolution and melting [5,9], corneal perforations and subsequent iris prolapse [10], stromal abscess [1,7,10,11], and stromal plaque formation [1,5,6,10]. It seems clear that tear film instability and disruption of corneal epithelial integrity are necessary for most forms of keratomycosis to occur in the horse [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The fungal plaque form of equine keratomycosis

Maxwell¹,

Plummer²,

Brooks³

2015

Vet Med Anim Sci

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Objective: To describe clinical findings and visual outcomes of the fungal plaque form of equine keratomycosis. Design: Retrospective medical records study. Animals studied: Medical records of horses with the fungal plaque form of keratomycosis that presented to the University of Florida Veterinary Medical Center from 2001 to 2013 were reviewed. Procedures: Data collected for all horses with corneal fungal plaques at the University of Florida Veterinary Medical Center from 2001 to 2013 included photographs at various points during treatment, and the signalment and clinical description of ocular lesions, medical and surgical treatments, diagnostic test results, and therapeutic outcomes from medical records. Diagnosis of the plaque form of keratomycosis was based on the clinical appearance in addition to cytology and/or histologic results. Results: Twenty-two horses with keratomycosis with fungal plaques were identified. Corneal scraping found septate hyphae in all 22 eyes. Thirteen eyes (59.1%) had positive fungal culture results from the plaque. Dematiaceous fungi (n=3), Fusarium and Scopulariopsis (n=3), Aspergillus sp (n=4) and unidentified fungi or molds (n=4) were cultured from fungal plaques. Thirty-two percent (n=7) of the eyes cultured had bacterial infections in addition to the fungal infection. Fungi alone were cultured in six eyes (27.3%). Bacteria only were cultured in 6 eyes (27.3%). Culture did not reveal positive bacterial or fungal presence in three (13.7%) plaques. Medical therapy was utilized in all twenty two horses. Ninety-one percent (n=20 horses) of the horses were treated with at least one topical antifungal and at least one topical antibiotic, while one horse was treated with only topical antifungals and one horse was treated with only topical antibiotics. Nine of the horses received one topical antifungal medication and twelve received a combination of two topical antifungal medications with natamycin and either miconazole or voriconazole being the most common combination. Topical antiproteases and mydriatic/cyloplegics, and systemic nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs were used in all horses. Ninety-one percent (n=20 horses) received surgical intervention of some form with 68% (n=15 horses) receiving at least one standing keratectomy and 23% (n=5 horses) receiving a superficial keratectomy under general anesthesia. Mean time to resolution was 6.5±4.1 weeks. Following medical and surgical therapy, 73% (n=16) of the eyes were visual and 27% (n=6 horses) were enucleated. The mean time to resolution of horses in which vision was preserved was 7.5±3.6 weeks. Conclusions:The visual outcome of therapy of 22 horses with the dark fungal plaque form of keratomycosis was positive in 73%. Successful treatment of the fungal plaque form of keratomycosis was aided by plaque removal, usually hastened by performing one or more keratectomies, and concurrent successful management of corneal ulceration and accompanying uveitis.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The fungal plaque form of equine keratomycosis

Maxwell¹,

Plummer²,

Brooks³

2015

Vet Med Anim Sci

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“…Essa enzima degrada colágenos do tipo III e IV, bem como alguns compostos da matriz extracelular, tais como laminina e fibronectina (BERMAN et al,1977;FINI et al, 1992;STRUBBE et al, 2000;OLLIVIER et al, 2003;BROOKS et al, 2004).…”

Section: Desenvolvimentounclassified

“…A retenção do rosa bengala é verificada nos estágios precoces de ceratite fúngica, ceratoconjuntivite seca e ceratite viral no cavalo. Animais positivos ao rosa bengala são mais susceptíveis à infecção fúngica, com pior prognóstico à cicatrização corneal (BROOKS et al, 2000;BROOKS & MATTHEWS, 2007).…”

Section: Diagnósticounclassified

Ceratomicose em equinos

Galera

Martins²,

Laus

et al. 2012

Cienc. Rural

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“…Research related to equine corneal disease has been heavily devoted to in vivo work 3,6,34–41 . Despite this work, equine corneal disease remains a frustratingly complex disease to treat.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Establishing a reproducible method for the culture of primary equine corneal cells

Mathes

Dietrich

Krunkosky

et al. 2009

Veterinary Ophthalmology

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Objective To establish a reproducible method for the culture of primary equine corneal epithelial cells, keratocytes, and endothelial cells and to describe each cell's morphologic characteristics, immunocytochemical staining properties and conditions required for cryopreservation. Procedures Corneas from eight horses recently euthanized for reasons unrelated to this study were collected aseptically and enzymatically separated into three individual layers for cell isolation. The cells were plated, grown in culture, and continued for several passages. Each cell type was characterized by morphology and immunocytochemical staining. Results All three equine corneal cell types were successfully grown in culture. Cultured corneal endothelial cells were large, hexagonal cells with a moderate growth rate. Keratocytes were small, spindloid cells that grew rapidly. Epithelial cells had heterogenous morphology and grew slowly. The endothelial cells and keratocytes stained positive for vimentin and were morphologically distinguishable from one another. The epithelial cells stained positive for cytokeratin. Keratocytes and endothelial cells were able to be cryopreserved and recovered. The cryopreserved cells maintained their morphological and immunocytochemical features after cryopreservation and recovery. Discussion This work establishes reproducible methods for isolation and culture of equine corneal keratocytes and endothelial cells. Cell morphology and cytoskeletal element expression for equine corneal epithelial cells, keratocytes, and endothelial cells are also described. This has not previously been reported for equine corneal cells. This report also demonstrates the ability to preserve equine keratocytes and endothelial cells for extended periods of time and utilize them long after the primarycell collection, a feature that has not been reported for veterinary corneal cell culture.

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Rose bengal positive epithelial microerosions as a manifestation of equine keratomycosis

Cited by 50 publications

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The fungal plaque form of equine keratomycosis

The fungal plaque form of equine keratomycosis

Ceratomicose em equinos

Establishing a reproducible method for the culture of primary equine corneal cells

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