Rosmarinic acid down‐regulates NO and PGE₂ expression viaMAPK pathway in rat chondrocytes

Abstract

Rosmarinic acid (RosA) is a water‐soluble polyphenol, which can be isolated from many herbs such as orthosiphon diffuses and rosmarinus officinalis. Previous studies have shown that RosA possesses various biological properties. In this study, we investigate the anti‐osteoarthritic effects of RosA in rat articular chondrocytes. Chondrocytes were pre‐treated with RosA, followed by the stimulation of IL‐1β. Real‐time PCR and Western blot were performed to detect the expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)‐1, MMP‐3 and MMP‐13. Nitric oxide and PGE 2 production were measured by Griess reagent and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The expression of mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) and nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB) was also investigated by Western blot analysis. We found that RosA down‐regulated the MMPs expression as well as nitric oxide and PGE 2 production in IL‐1β‐induced chondrocytes. In addition, RosA inhibited p38 and JNK phosphorylation as well as p65 translocation. The results suggest that RosA may be considered a possible agent in the treatment of OA.

Urolithin a attenuates IL-1β-induced inflammatory responses and cartilage degradation via inhibiting the MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathways in rat articular chondrocytes

“…In the present study, we found that IL-1β-induced expression of iNOS and COX2 were also attenuated by UA. Sox-9 is a vital transcription factor that positively regulates Collagen II synthesis and is indispensable for chondrocyte differentiation [36]. Our study further pointed out that UA obviously restored the levels of SOX9 inhibited by IL-1β treatment.…”

“…For OA, the active form of ERK, JNK and p38 was observed in synovial tissue and cartilage lesion. In addition, several lines of evidence understate that activation of MAPK induced by IL-1β trigger aggrecanases and MMPs-mediated articular cartilage degradation [36,39]. Specially, Therapy targeting p38 inhibitors could attenuate cartilage degeneration and relief pain in animal models [40].…”

Chemical profiling and pharmaco‐toxicological activity ofOriganum sipyleumextracts: Exploring for novel sources for potential therapeutic agents

“…The reduced 5‐HT uptake exerted by gentisic acid in vitro (Cool, Leibach, Bhalla, Mahesh, & Ganapathy, ) could influence intracellular 5‐HT pool, as well. While rosmarinic acid and phloridzin demonstrated inhibitory effects on LDH and PGE2 levels, in multiple experimental paradigms of increased burden of inflammation and oxidative stress (Chen et al, ; Khalifa, Bakr, & Osman, ; Rocha et al, ).…”

The pro‐inflammatory effect of NR4A3 in osteoarthritis

“…Sprague Dawley rats (200‐250 g; 6 weeks old) were purchased from the Animal Center of Zhejiang University. Rat chondrocytes were prepared as described in previous studies . All animal studies were conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki, and the protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of the 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.…”