Rotating Field EC-GMR Sensor for Crack Detection at Fastener Site in Layered Structures

Yang, Guang; Dib, Gerges; Удпа, Лалита; Tamburrino, Antonello; Удпа, Сатиш С.

doi:10.1109/jsen.2014.2341653

Cited by 82 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…To cope with the practical situation that the defect orientation is not known in advance or is unpredictable, two methods have been developed-rotationally scanning on the suspicious zone [19][20][21] and developing a rotating current excitation [22][23][24][25][26]. They have the same underlying physics for the sensing mechanism but the latter is superior to the former because it avoids the inevitable noise caused by mechanically rotating and is suitable for a C-scan or even a line scan.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rotating Focused Field Eddy-Current Sensing for Arbitrary Orientation Defects Detection in Carbon Steel

Wang

Deng

2020

Sensors

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This paper presents a rotating focused field eddy-current (EC) sensing technique, which leverages the advantages of magnetic field focusing and rotating magnetic field, for arbitrary orientation defects detection. The sensor consists of four identical excitation coils orthogonally arranged in an upside-down pyramid configuration and a giant magneto-resistive (GMR) detection element. The four coils are connected to form two figure-8-shaped focusing sub-probes, which are fed by two identical harmonic currents with 90 degrees phase difference. A finite element model-based study of arbitrary orientation defects detection was performed to understand the probe operational characteristics and optimize its design parameters. Probe prototyping and experimental validation were also carried out on a carbon steel plate specimen with four prefabricated surface-breaking defects. In-situ spot inspection with the probe rotating above the defect and a manual line-scan inspection were both conducted. Results showed that the probe has the capability of detecting defects with any orientations while maintaining the same sensitivity and the defect depth can be quantitatively evaluated by using the signal amplitude. Compared with the existing rotating field probes, the presented probe does not require additional excitation adjustment or data fusion. Meanwhile, due to its focusing effect, it can generate a strong rotating magnetic field at the defect location with a weak background noise, thus yielding superior signal-to-noise ratio.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rotating Focused Field Eddy-Current Sensing for Arbitrary Orientation Defects Detection in Carbon Steel

Wang

Deng

2020

Sensors

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“…GMR sensor is in charge of measuring induced magnetic flux density. A scanning system is used to generate a C-scan image of the normal component of induced fields [19]. In the literature [9,12,17,20], a linear GMR sensor array was considered to be used, which allows rapid scanning of an area for defects inspection in a single pass and with high testing resolution.…”

Section: Lift-off Noise Suppressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Automated Sensing System for Steel Bridge Inspection Using GMR Sensor Array and Magnetic Wheels of Climbing Robot

Wang

Kawamura

2016

Journal of Sensors

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Corrosion is one of the main causes of deterioration of steel bridges. It may cause metal loss and fatigue cracks in the steel components, which would lead to the collapse of steel bridges. This paper presents an automated sensing system to detect corrosion, crack, and other kinds of defects using a GMR (Giant Magnetoresistance) sensor array. Defects will change the relative permeability and electrical conductivity of the material. As a result, magnetic field density generated by ferromagnetic material and the magnetic wheels will be changed. The defects are able to be detected by using GMR sensor array to measure the changes of magnetic flux density. In this study, magnetic wheels are used not only as the adhesion device of the robot, but also as an excitation source to provide the exciting magnetic field for the sensing system. Furthermore, compared to the eddy current method and the MFL (magnetic flux leakage) method, this sensing system suppresses the noise from lift-off value fluctuation by measuring the vertical component of induced magnetic field that is perpendicular to the surface of the specimen in the corrosion inspection. Simulations and experimental results validated the feasibility of the system for the automated defect inspection.

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“…For Equation (1), the total energy of a field in the whole position vector space and the field vector space is…”

Section: Energy Of Field Distribution Density Of a Multidimensional Vmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An EC probe is mainly composed of exciting coils and a pick-up element, and carries a non-uniform current that induces the eddy current in conductive materials. Depending on applications, different pick-up elements, coils, and sensors such as Superconducting Quantum Interference Device (SQUID), Hall, Anisotropic Magnetoresistance (AMR), Giant Magneto-impedance (GMI), Giant Magnetoresistance (GMR) [1][2][3][4][5][6], and Tunnel MagnetoResistance (TMR) [7] are used.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Angular Spectral Density and Information Entropy for Eddy Current Distribution

Chen

Zhang

2016

Entropy

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Here, a new method is proposed to quantitatively evaluate the eddy current distribution induced by different exciting coils of an eddy current probe. Probability of energy allocation of a vector field is modeled via conservation of energy and imitating the wave function in quantum mechanics. The idea of quantization and the principle of circuit sampling is utilized to discretize the space of the vector field. Then, a method to calculate angular spectral density and Shannon information entropy is proposed. Eddy current induced by three different exciting coils is evaluated with this method, and the specific nature of eddy current testing is discussed.

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Rotating Field EC-GMR Sensor for Crack Detection at Fastener Site in Layered Structures

Cited by 82 publications

References 12 publications

Rotating Focused Field Eddy-Current Sensing for Arbitrary Orientation Defects Detection in Carbon Steel

Rotating Focused Field Eddy-Current Sensing for Arbitrary Orientation Defects Detection in Carbon Steel

An Automated Sensing System for Steel Bridge Inspection Using GMR Sensor Array and Magnetic Wheels of Climbing Robot

Angular Spectral Density and Information Entropy for Eddy Current Distribution

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