Rotavirus shedding by newborn children

Pérez‐Schael, Irene; Daoud, Georgette; White, Laura; Urbina, Gidalia; Daoud, Naimeh; Pérez, Mireya; Flores, Jorge

doi:10.1002/jmv.1890140206

Cited by 67 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…The occurrence of a single rotavirus strain in the neonatal unit and its persistence over long periods of time have also been reported [Perez-Schael et al, 1984;Rodger et al, 1981;Steele and Alexander, 19871. The apparent genomic stability and persistence of a single strain of rotavirus in neonatal units is in stark contrast to the genomic variability that is seen in older infant populations infected with (%I 1992 WILEY-LISS, INC.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Further characterisation of human rotaviruses isolated from asymptomatically infected neonates in South Africa

Steele

Niekerk

Geyer

et al. 1992

Journal of Medical Virology

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Stool specimens were collected from healthy neonates at Ga-Rankuwa Hospital in the winters of 1984 and 1986 and tested for the presence of rotavirus infection. Asymptomatic excretion was found to occur in 25% of the newborn babies analysed. Gel electrophoresis of the rotavirus RNA genome revealed that a genomically stable strain of rotavirus was endemic in the ward at the time intervals examined. Hybridisation analysis of the VP4 and VP7 rotavirus genes, which encode the outer capsid neutralization proteins of the virus, was conducted. These results showed the presence of a serotype 4 rotavirus strain with an M37-like VP4 gene allele, which remained conserved in the nursery over the time period examined. Partial nucleotide sequences were obtained for a variable region of the VP7 gene and for the hyperdivergent region of the VP4 gene from 8 of these viruses and showed that remarkable conservation of these regions in the genes of the viruses occurred over time.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Further characterisation of human rotaviruses isolated from asymptomatically infected neonates in South Africa

Steele

Niekerk

Geyer

et al. 1992

Journal of Medical Virology

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“…Neonatal infection with rotavirus has been reported as a common phenomenon in British, Australian, and Venezuelan maternity hospitals [15][16][17]. Such infection is probably nosocomial, with house staff acting as the main disseminators.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low Endemicity and Low Pathogenicity of Rotaviruses Among Rural Children in Costa Rica

Simhon

Mata

Vives

et al. 1985

Journal of Infectious Diseases

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Rotaviruses were prospectively studied in 51 rural Costa Rican children from birth to two years. Samples of feces were collected weekly over a 33-month period. Rotavirus was detected in 45 (1.04%) of 4,317 fecal specimens; 39 infections were documented (an incidence of 0.5 infection per child-year), only five of which were associated with diarrhea (a pathogenicity of 12.8%). Secretory antibody in fecal extracts, detected in six of 39 infections, was short lived and did not protect against reinfection. Serum antibody was present in 69.6% of two-year-old children, but was not detected in 18.8% with documented infections. On the other hand, serum antibody was present in six of 14 children in whom rotavirus was not detected, thus increasing the overall incidence to 0.6 infection per child-year. The combination of prolonged breast-feeding, exposure to a lower infecting dose (compared with urban children), and a higher standard of hygiene than expected may explain the low incidence and low pathogenicity of rotavirus among these rural children.The epidemiology of rotavirus infection in populations observed in their own environment needs further elucidation, particularly in less-developed countries where diarrheal disease takes its highest toll. In Costa Rica, rotavirus was demonstrated as the most important etiologic agent of acute diarrhea among outpatients at the National Children's Hospital in San Jose [1]. Hospital-based studies are of limited epidemiological value, however, because they are cross-sectional in nature; cover, by definition, the most serious cases that require hospital treatment; and thus, do not reflect the situation in the general population. Consequently, a cohort study was designed in order to study patterns of infection and immunity to rotavirus under natural conditions. This longitudinal study permitted investigation of the

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“…Rotavirus infections are more likely to be severe in children 3 to 24 months of age than in younger infants or older children and adults (21,67,88) Longitudinal studies demonstrated that naturally acquired rotavirus infections provide protection against rotavirus disease upon reinfection and that protection is greatest against the most severe disease outcomes (29,80) Although children can be infected with rotavirus several times during their lives, initial infection after 3 months of age is most likely to cause severe diarrhea and dehydration.…”

Section: Natural Protectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rotavirus Vaccines: an Overview

2008

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SUMMARY Rotavirus infection is the most common cause of severe diarrhea disease in infants and young children worldwide and continues to have a major global impact on childhood morbidity and mortality. Vaccination is the only control measure likely to have a significant impact on the incidence of severe dehydrating rotavirus disease. In 1999, a highly efficacious rotavirus vaccine licensed in the United States, RotaShield, was withdrawn from the market after 14 months because of its association with intussusception. Two new live, oral, attenuated rotavirus vaccines were licensed in 2006: the pentavalent bovine-human reassortant vaccine (RotaTeq) and the monovalent human rotavirus vaccine (Rotarix). Both vaccines have demonstrated very good safety and efficacy profiles in large clinical trials in western industrialized countries and in Latin America. Careful surveillance has not revealed any increased risk of intussusception in the vaccinated groups with either vaccine. The new rotavirus vaccines are now introduced for routine use in a number of industrialized and developing countries. These new safe and effective rotavirus vaccines offer the best hope of reducing the toll of acute rotavirus gastroenteritis in both developed and developing countries.

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Rotavirus shedding by newborn children

Cited by 67 publications

References 24 publications

Further characterisation of human rotaviruses isolated from asymptomatically infected neonates in South Africa

Further characterisation of human rotaviruses isolated from asymptomatically infected neonates in South Africa

Low Endemicity and Low Pathogenicity of Rotaviruses Among Rural Children in Costa Rica

Rotavirus Vaccines: an Overview

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