“…Nevertheless, situations do arise, especially in strategic planning problems, when uncertainty is as critical as the issue of conflicting management goals. In such cases, approaches designed for MDMU become necessary, for instance (a) the multi-attribute utility theory, (b) pairwise comparisons of probability distributions, (c) the use of surrogate risk measures (quantiles, variances) as additional decision criteria, (d) models combining fuzzy numbers with the analytic hierarchy process, (e) fuzzy TOPSIS, and (f) the integration of MDMU and scenario planning (SP) (Ben Amor et al 2007;Dominiak 2009;Durbach 2014;Durbach, Stewart 2012;Keeney, Raiffa 1993;Liu et al 2011;Michnik 2013b;Stewart 2005;Triantaphyllou, Lin 1996;Urli, Nadeau 2004;Watkins et al 2000;Xu 2000;Yu 2002;Zaras 2004). (Durbach, Stewart 2012) state that uncertainties become increasingly so complex that the elicitation of measures such as probabilities, belief functions or fuzzy membership functions becomes operationally difficult for DMs to comprehend and virtually impossible to validate.…”