Rough bare soil reflectivity model

Wegmüller, U.; Mätzler, C.

doi:10.1109/36.763303

Cited by 167 publications

(100 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Unfortunately, the knowledge about the scattering at the ground surface is limited. Therefore, the snow-ground reflectivity s 0 was modeled using the model of Wegmüller and Mätzler (1999). This model is an empirical parametrization of the Fresnel formula depending on the standard deviation of the soil surface height rms g and the soil permittivities.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The model of Wegmüller and Mätzler (1999) gives the total reflectivity of the snow-ground interface. To determine its specular component s s0 , we assumed s s0 to be proportional to s 0 .…”

Section: Soil Contributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since direct measurements were not possible due to the presence of the snow cover, this parameter has to be modeled. Here we used the empirical model of Wegmüller and Mätzler (1999), which was previously used in various studies (e.g., Lemmetyinen et al, 2010; Figure 4. Density profile derived by SMP (green), µCT (black) and density cutter (blue).…”

Section: Soil Contributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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MEMLS3&a: Microwave Emission Model of Layered Snowpacks adapted to include backscattering

et al. 2015

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Abstract. The Microwave Emission Model of LayeredSnowpacks (MEMLS) was originally developed for microwave emissions of snowpacks in the frequency range 5-100 GHz. It is based on six-flux theory to describe radiative transfer in snow including absorption, multiple volume scattering, radiation trapping due to internal reflection and a combination of coherent and incoherent superposition of reflections between horizontal layer interfaces. Here we introduce MEMLS3&a, an extension of MEMLS, which includes a backscatter model for active microwave remote sensing of snow. The reflectivity is decomposed into diffuse and specular components. Slight undulations of the snow surface are taken into account. The treatment of like-and cross-polarization is accomplished by an empirical splitting parameter q. MEMLS3&a (as well as MEMLS) is set up in a way that snow input parameters can be derived by objective measurement methods which avoid fitting procedures of the scattering efficiency of snow, required by several other models. For the validation of the model we have used a combination of active and passive measurements from the NoSREx (Nordic Snow Radar Experiment) campaign in Sodankylä, Finland. We find a reasonable agreement between the measurements and simulations, subject to uncertainties in hitherto unmeasured input parameters of the backscatter model. The model is written in Matlab and the code is publicly available for download through the following website: http://www.iapmw.unibe.ch/research/ projects/snowtools/memls.html.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Soil Contributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Soil Contributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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MEMLS3&a: Microwave Emission Model of Layered Snowpacks adapted to include backscattering

et al. 2015

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“…Generally, the reflection of the land surface is not specular. To take into account roughness effects, the specular reflectivities can be modified, for example, according to Choudhury et al (1979) or Wegmüller and Mätzler (1999). A comprehensive and detailed discussion on passive microwave remote sensing of land surfaces can be found in Choudhury et al (1995).…”

Section: Application To Passive Microwave Radiometrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Principles of Radiative Transfer

Drusch

Crewell²

2005

Encyclopedia of Hydrological Sciences

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The article gives an introduction to classical vector radiative transfer theory (RTT). It comprises a brief summary of the fundamental quantities in RTT and the corresponding definitions. Based on these quantities, the transfer equation for radiation will be introduced in its basic form for a plane-parallel, horizontally homogeneous atmosphere. Polarization and the Stokes vector are introduced, which extend the scalar radiative transfer equation to the more general form of the vector radiative transfer equation. Scattering processes and interactions with the surface are discussed within the mathematical framework given in the first part of the paper. As an example, the theoretical concept presented is then applied to passive microwave remote sensing. A solution for the radiative transfer equation, which is commonly used for the retrieval of atmospheric quantities (e.g. water vapor) and land surface properties (e.g. soil moisture), is derived based on approximations and simplifications. More general approaches to solve the radiative transfer equation including multiple scattering are described and discussed in a separate section.

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“…The parameters used in semi-empirical models are often derived from field observations. Depending on the parameters involved, three different semi-empirical models: Q-H model (Choudhury et al 1979;Wang & Choudhury 1981), Hp model (Mo & Schmugge 1987;Wegmuller & Matzler 1999;Wigneron et al 2001) and Qp model (Shi et al 2005). …”

Section: Semi-empirical Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%