Roughening transition for the ionic-electronic mixed superionic conductor α-Ag2S

Roughening transition of prism faces of ice crystals grown from melt under pressure

“…Equilibrium roughening can be identified by the vanishing and rounding of a planar facet in equilibrium crystal shape, thus giving a simple visual identification of roughening. However, this equilibrium method is very slow, except for the cases of 4 He [3] and superionic conductors [4,5], in which the respective superfluid and diffusivity properties ensure that the equilibrium shape is approached rapidly. Instead, the common method for identifying roughening is the disappearance of facets and change of growth kinetics for crystals near equilibrium.…”

Integration design of membrane electrode assemblies in low temperature solid oxide fuel cell

“…Normally, MIECs are ionic semiconductors such as Ag 2 þ d S and CeO 2 À d [14,15]. In addition to single-phase MIECs, there are also heterogeneous MIECs (H-MIECs) which are mixtures of two phases, one conducting ions and the other conducting electrons/holes.…”

Possible burst-like facet growth mode at high temperatures

“…The only materials which acquire their equilibrium shape at macroscopic size, and do so at high temperatures, well below melting temperatures, appear to be metal (silver, copper) chalcogenides (selenium, sulphur) [8]. Because of high temperature, these materials represent possible complement class of materials to 4 He crystals.…”

“…The existence of such low temperature and quantum systems for studying crystal surfaces calls for some classical complement, that is, hightemperature system. The small group of materials which acquire their equilibrium form at macroscopic (up to 1 cm) size on an experimentally practical time scale of up to several days [4,5] also include ice single crystals [6], some organic crystals [7] and metal chalcogenides [8].…”