Round your numbers in rank tests: exact and asymptotic inference and ties

Neuhäuser, Markus; Ruxton, Graeme D.

doi:10.1007/s00265-009-0843-1

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…The Kruskal–Wallis test ( H value) was used to test overall age differences, the Mann–Whitney test ( U value) was used to test gender differences or age differences between two groups, and the Wilcoxon signed-rank test ( T value) was used to test consistency and duration effects. We followed Neuhaüser and Ruxton's (2009) advice for the use of appropriately rounded mean frequencies prior to the ranking procedure.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Children's spatial analysis of hierarchical patterns: Construction and perception.

Vinter¹,

Puspitawati²,

Witt³

2010

Developmental Psychology

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Two experiments were reported that aimed at investigating the development of spatial analysis of hierarchical patterns in children between 3 and 9 years of age. A total of 108 children participated in the drawing experiment, and 224 children were tested in a force-choice similarity judgment task. In both tasks, participants were exposed to consistent and inconsistent targets for short (300-ms) and long (3-s) durations. The drawing task showed that 3-year-old children either preferred to draw the local level or reproduced both levels in a nonintegrated manner. Coordination between the 2 processes started to emerge at 4 years of age, and 6-year-old children produced essentially correct integrated responses. The similarity judgment task confirmed that local processing dominated at 3 years of age. Preference for global processing appeared at 5 years of age, and it gained in strength later. Significant effects of stimulus consistency and stimulus duration were also found. In particular, the use of inconsistent patterns in the similarity judgment task revealed a phenomenon of local-to-global interference in the 3-year-olds.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Children's spatial analysis of hierarchical patterns: Construction and perception.

Vinter¹,

Puspitawati²,

Witt³

2010

Developmental Psychology

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“…Additionally, in order to reduce the impact of insignificant differences between 𝐼𝐹 values in the Mann-Whitney 𝑈 test, SPIT rounds all 𝐼𝐹 values to two decimal points. 71 The normal approximation for the 𝑈-statistic 69 is used for tie-correction for group sizes larger than 8. Although SPIT works well with smaller sample sizes (𝑛 ≥ 12) for simple genetic architectures, it requires 𝑛 ≥ 24 samples for each group for the normal approximation to be reliable in SPIT-Test module.…”

Section: Removing Outlier Effects and Tie-correctionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detecting differential transcript usage in complex diseases with SPIT

Erdogdu

Varabyou

Hicks

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Differential transcript usage (DTU) plays a crucial role in determining how gene expression differs among cells, tissues, and different developmental stages, thereby contributing to the complexity and diversity of biological systems. In abnormal cells, it can also lead to deficiencies in protein function, potentially leading to pathogenesis of diseases. Detecting such events for single-gene genetic traits is relatively uncomplicated; however, the heterogeneity of populations with complex diseases presents an intricate challenge due to the presence of diverse causal events and undetermined subtypes. SPIT is the first statistical tool that quantifies the heterogeneity in transcript usage within a population and identifies predominant subgroups along with their distinctive sets of DTU events. We provide comprehensive assessments of SPIT's methodology in both single-gene and complex traits and report the results of applying SPIT to analyze brain samples from individuals with schizophrenia. Our analysis reveals previously unreported DTU events in six candidate genes.

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“…Recently, Neuhauser and Ruxton (2009) noted that rounding of continuous measures creates ties and sometimes can be beneficial. In a similar way, modular ranks created a large number of artificial ‘ties’ in the data sets in the present study, just the reverse of what is typically done before applying rank tests, that is, breaking the ties or averaging the ranks.…”

Section: Some Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Power comparisons of significance tests of location using scores, ranks, and modular ranks

Zimmerman

2011

Brit J Math & Statis

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The Type I error probability and the power of the independent samples t test, performed directly on the ranks of scores in combined samples in place of the original scores, are known to be the same as those of the non-parametric Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney (WMW) test. In the present study, simulations revealed that these probabilities remain essentially unchanged when the number of ranks is reduced by assigning the same rank to multiple ordered scores. For example, if 200 ranks are reduced to as few as 20, or 10, or 5 ranks by replacing sequences of consecutive ranks by a single number, the Type I error probability and power stay about the same. Significance tests performed on these modular ranks consistently reproduce familiar findings about the comparative power of the t test and the WMW tests for normal and various non-normal distributions. Similar results are obtained for modular ranks used in comparing the one-sample t test and the Wilcoxon signed ranks test.

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Round your numbers in rank tests: exact and asymptotic inference and ties

Cited by 8 publications

References 23 publications

Children's spatial analysis of hierarchical patterns: Construction and perception.

Children's spatial analysis of hierarchical patterns: Construction and perception.

Detecting differential transcript usage in complex diseases with SPIT

Power comparisons of significance tests of location using scores, ranks, and modular ranks

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