Roundwood and Biomass Logistics in Finland and Sweden

Väätäinen, Kari; Anttila, Perttu; Eliasson, L.; Enström, Johanna; Laitila, Juha; Prinz, Robert; Routa, Johanna

doi:10.5552/crojfe.2021.803

Cited by 17 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…In the scientific literature on wood supply chain management, operation research methods were used to observe operational, tactical, and strategic planning problems and applications [1][2][3]. Related literature reviews concentrated on optimizing wood transport [4], forest biomass supply chains [5], transport logistics in Nordic countries [6] as well as unimodal and multimodal wood transport including terminal logistics [7]. Research articles focused on analyzing procurement cost-saving strategies such as transport coordination, supply chain integration, integrating satellite stockyards, or higher truck payloads with operations research methods.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Benchmarking Procurement Cost Saving Strategies for Wood Supply Chains

Kögler

Schimpfhuber

Eichberger

et al. 2021

Forests

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Intense international competition pushes the actors of wood supply chains to implement efficient wood supply chain management incorporating coordinated cost-saving strategies to remain competitive. In order to observe the effects of individual and coordinated decision making, mixed-integer programming models for forestry, round-wood transport, and the wood-based industry were developed and integrated. The models deal with operational planning issues regarding production, harvest, and transport and are solved sequentially for individual cost optimization of each wood supply chain actor as well as simultaneously by a combined model representing joint cost optimization in an integrated wood supply chain. This allows for the first time, benchmarking relative cost-saving potential of the wood procurement strategies coordinated transports, integrated supply chains, satellite stockyards, and higher truck payloads within a single case study setting. Based on case study data from southern Austria, results show the advantages of an integrated supply chain with a cost-saving potential of up to 24%. Higher truck payloads reinforce this potential and enable up to 40% savings compared to the predominant wood procurement situation in Central Europe. Wood supply chain integration for Central European circumstances seems to be feasible only for a limited consortium of a few companies, for example when restricted to a wood-buying syndicate supplying several industry plants or a few large forest enterprises, especially as both groups are commonly steering wood transport on their own. Consequently, further research on the challenging task of implementing integrated supply chains using the opportunities of digitalization to realize existing cost savings potential by deepening cooperation and intensifying information exchange is needed.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Benchmarking Procurement Cost Saving Strategies for Wood Supply Chains

Kögler

Schimpfhuber

Eichberger

et al. 2021

Forests

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“…Lower-level roads imply more decelerations and accelerations than higher-level roads, and accelerating with a heavier mass takes more energy than accelerating with a lighter mass. Since the beginning of this millennium, the maximum GVM has increased in Finland and Sweden (Väätäinen et al 2021). The increase has been partly motivated by lowering emissions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of road characteristics on timber truck driving speed and fuel consumption based on visual interpretation of road database and data from fleet management system

Anttila¹,

Ojala²,

Palander³

et al. 2023

Silva Fenn

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Road transport produces 90% of greenhouse gas emissions in timber transport in Finland. It is therefore necessary to understand the factors that affect driving speed, fuel consumption, and ultimately, emissions. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of road characteristics on timber truck driving speed and fuel consumption. Data from the fleet management and transport management systems of two timber trucks were collected over a year. A sample of 104 trips was drawn, and the tracking points were overlaid on the road data in a geographical information system. Thereafter, work phases were determined for the points, and they were visually classified into road and pavement classes. Subsequently, the data of 80 trips were utilised in regression analysis to further study the effects of the visually interpreted variables on driving speed and fuel consumption. Fuel consumption was explained by the proportion of forest roads and distance travelled with a loader, and the number of crossings and season when driving without a load. When driving with a load, both asphalt and gravel pavements decreased consumption, in contrast to an unpaved road. Crossings increased fuel consumption, as did the winter and spring months, and the total laden mass of the truck. In conclusion, the study showed that the functional Finnish road and pavement classes can be used to predict driving speed and fuel consumption.

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“…Selected research site was chosen as it represents the closest operational conditions to biomass upgrading terminal. Use of the terminal as a part of the supply chain offers better environment for controlling fuel properties, and the upgrading terminal offers the possibility to improve the quality of the fuel by introducing a pre-comminution or postcomminution artificial or natural drying and post-comminution sieving, blending, and densifying [55]. Selected raw material represents the raw material of the highest possible quality, where it is expected that further processing will result with wood chips of the highest quality and low variability in terms of the normative parameters.…”

Section: Data Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variability of Normative Properties of Wood Chips and Implications to Quality Control

et al. 2021

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The research was conducted with the goal to determine the variability of the quality parameters of the wood chips produced from the most favorable raw material (energy roundwood), and in the most controllable operational conditions (pellet factory), as the first step in identifying opportunities to optimize the wood chips’ quality monitoring. Four raw material types were tested: fir/spruce and beech debarked energy roundwood, as well as energy wood with bark of the same species. Sampling was conducted during six consecutive months along with laboratory testing, all according to the HRN EN ISO standards for solid biofuels. Interpretation of the results was done in relation to deviation from the first sampling results (as an indicator of the possibility to retain the quality of wood chips), and repeatability and reproducibility set in the standards (as an indicator of acceptable variability). The influence of the species and debarking process on the wood chips’ quality was analyzed as well. Relative deviation from the first sampling as well as the quality class change pointed moisture content as a normative property with the lowest possibility to retain initial values over the six-month period. Ash content results indicated a strong possibility to maintain the initial ash content class in the majority of the samples. In just three cases, the results of ash content were outside the reproducibility limits with first sampling as a reference. Gross calorific value results pointed only four samples outside the reproducibility limits with the first sampling results are set as a reference. Wood species influenced gross calorific value and the median value of the particle size distribution and debarking showed a significant positive effect on the moisture content reduction as well as on the ash content reduction. Presented findings are indicative for the investigated raw materials, however for the general conclusion on the subject of wood chips normative properties variation, various raw material types will have to be examined in further research.

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Roundwood and Biomass Logistics in Finland and Sweden

Cited by 17 publications

References 65 publications

Benchmarking Procurement Cost Saving Strategies for Wood Supply Chains

Benchmarking Procurement Cost Saving Strategies for Wood Supply Chains

The effect of road characteristics on timber truck driving speed and fuel consumption based on visual interpretation of road database and data from fleet management system

Variability of Normative Properties of Wood Chips and Implications to Quality Control

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