Routine prophylactic antibiotic use in the management of snakebite

Tagwireyi, Dexter; Ball, Douglas E.; Nhachi, Charles

doi:10.1186/1472-6904-1-4

Cited by 34 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…These findings highlight the necessities for cleaning lesions caused by snakebite accidents and for utilizing rigorous aseptic techniques. Moreover, this identification process can be useful for choosing an appropriate antibacterial therapy in patients who are the victims of such accidents, in agreement with other authors (Andrade et al 1989, Jorge et al 1994, Tagwireyi et al 2001, Hejnar et al 2007. A twelve year study by Avila-Agüero et al 2001, on snakebite accidents in children and adolescents concluded that bacterial infection was very common after the bites due to elevated bacterial colonization in the mouth of these snakes, favoring proliferation in damaged tissues.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 72%

Comparison of wildlife and captivity rattlesnakes (Crotalus durissus terrificus) microbiota

Ferreira

Siqueira²,

Campagner

et al. 2009

Pesq. Vet. Bras.

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RESUMO.-[Comparação da microbiota de cascavéis (Crotalus durissus terrificus) de vida-livre e cativeiro.] Este estudo avaliou e comparou a microflora aeróbica da cavidade oral, cloaca e veneno de serpentes Crotalus durissus terrificus recém-capturadas da natureza e mantidas sob quarentena (WQ), mantidas em cativeiro coletivo (CC) e em cativeiro individual (IC). A eficácia de drogas antimicrobianas de agentes isolados foi também avaliada. Foram isolados microorganismos dos grupos I, II e III respectivamente: 29 (63.04%), 38 (90.48%) e 21 (42.86%) da cloaca; 15 (32.61%), 3 (7.14%) e 25 (51.02%) da cavidade oral, e finalmente 2 (4.35%), 1 (2.38%) e 3 (6.12%) do veneno. As bactérias mais frequentes foram Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus vulgaris e Morganella morganii, com sensibilidade para amikacina, gentamicina, norfloxacina, sulfazotrina e tobramicina. Serpentes mantidas no cativeiro semi-aberto mostraram menor nú-mero de agentes infecciosos em cavidade oral, talvez devido ao ambiente de cativeiro com diferentes gradientes de temperatura, água corrente, ausência de manejo diário, ampla circulação de ar, possibilidade de movimentação pelos animais, limpeza diária e acesso ao Sol.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 72%

Comparison of wildlife and captivity rattlesnakes (Crotalus durissus terrificus) microbiota

Ferreira

Siqueira²,

Campagner

et al. 2009

Pesq. Vet. Bras.

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“…Consequently, it may cause shock, acute renal failure, coagulopathy, and heart muscle damage (Dehghani et al 2012). Most complications caused by snakebite are due to poisoning effects such as hemorrhagic or neurotoxicogen effects which may be associated with secondary bacterial infections which are also being presented by non-venomous snakebites (Tagwireyi et al 2001;Hejnar et al 2007;Fonseca et al 2009;Huang et al 2012;Neil et al 2012). The commonest manifestation of a snakebite infection is abscess.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The identification of bacterial flora in oral cavity of snakes

et al. 2015

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Snakebites are a great public health concern in tropical and subtropical countries. It cannot only cause poisoning but also yield some infections in victims. There are some pathogenic agents in snake's oral flora. This study was carried out to determine bacterial agents existing in the oral cavity of venomous and non-venomous snakes in Kashan, Iran. Using sterile swabs, the samples were obtained in two stages from the oral cavity of 11 venomous and non-venomous snakes before feeding and 3 weeks later. Then, they were cultured on Mac Conkey blood agar mediums. Gram staining of all samples was performed. Appropriate mediums and tests were fulfilled to determine gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. The highest rate of infection belonged to coagulasenegative Staphylococcus (34.5 %) and the lowest rate was for Pseudomonas (3.1 %). Salmonella (18.8 %); Escherichia and Providencia (each 12.5 %); and Proteus, Enterococcus, and Bacillus (each 6.2 %) were other contributing pathogens found in snakes oral cavity. The obtained findings demonstrated significant bacterial pathogens in oral cavity of venomous and non-venomous snakes. Therefore, not only anti-venom treatment but also, due the probability of infections, the diagnosis and treatment should be considered in victims.

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“…No está indicado el uso de antimicrobianos en forma profiláctica, dado que las complicaciones infecciosas son poco frecuentes 14 . Se justifica el uso de antimicrobianos cuando hay sospecha de infección y compromiso de tejidos blandos 14,15 . A partir de secreciones obtenidas de abscesos ocasionados por mordeduras de serpientes, se han aislado cocáceas grampositivas y bacilos gramnegativos como Escherichia coli y Morganella morgagni 16 .…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Mordedura por Philodryas chamissonis: Presentación de un caso y revisión de la literatura

L³

et al. 2007

Rev. chil. infectol.

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Snake bite by Philodryas chamissonis: a case presentation and literature reviewThere are two species of snakes associated with snake bite poisoning in Chile: Philodryas chamissonis and Tachymenis peruviana. A case associated with a P. chamissonis bite occuring during a summer activity in San Antonio, V Region, is presented. The bite compromised the dorsum of the right hand between the thumb and the index finger and was initially painless. During the following 24 hours equimotic edema developed up to the shoulder and pectoral region, with intense pain, headache, nausea, fever and appearance of a serohematic bulla on the elbow fold. The patient was treated with antihistamins, systemic steroids, analgesia and antibiotics for 7 days. Other cases of snake bites published in Chile are reviewed and treatment and prevention strategies are proposed.Key words: snake bite, snake venom; Philodryas chamissonis; Tachymenis peruviana. Palabras claves: mordedura de culebra; ofidismo; empozoñamiento; Philodryas chamissonis; Tachymenis peruviana. afectados, con una incidencia variable de 45 a 1.000 casos por 100.000 habitantes. La mayoría son producidos por serpientes del género Bothrops (jararaca), Crotalus (serpiente cascabel) y con menor frecuencia Lachesis (sururucu) y Microcurus (coral) 2 . En Chile continental los ofidios están representados por siete formas de la familia Colubridae. Dos tipos de culebras se han relacionado a accidentes por mordeduras en humanos: Philodryas chamissonis (anteriormente Dromicus chamissonis), llamada culebra de cola larga y Tachymenis peruviana, o culebra de cola corta. Philodryas chamissonis se encuentra distribuida entre la IIIª y Xª Región (Atacama a Los Lagos) y T. peruviana desde la IVª a la IXª Región. Ambas tienen dentición opistoglifa 3 . Las culebras descritas en nuestro país atacan al hombre sólo en defensa propia. Los accidentes por mordeduras se presentan esporádicamente y se ubican en las extremidades y en los dedos de personas que toman estas culebras 4,5 . Philodryas chamissonis es el ofidio de mayor tamaño en nuestro país, puede tener hasta 2 m de longitud. Se caracteriza por presentar en el dorso una línea longitudinal central y continua de color pardo oscuro casi negra, con franjas amarillas laterales, que permite su identificación morfológica. Destacan sus ojos con dos escamas post oculares y las pupilas circulares.Tachymenis peruviana mide de 40 a 60 cm, posee Introducción las serpientes se les reconoce por la ubicación de los dientes inoculadores y sus características morfológicas. Las serpientes consideradas venenosas son aquellas con dentición proteroglifa (del griego protero= anterior y glifis= muesca), que tienen los colmillos ubicados anteriormente, de tal manera que al clavar la presa, permite que el veneno fluya libremente 1 y las solenoglifa (del griego solenius= conductor y glifis= ranura), que es la forma más perfeccionada de evolución del aparato ponzoñoso. A este último grupo pertenecen la serpiente cascabel y víbo-ras entre otras.Las aglifas (del griego a= sin...

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Routine prophylactic antibiotic use in the management of snakebite

Abstract: Background: Routine antibiotic prophylaxis following snakebite is not recommended but evidence suggests that it may be common practice in Zimbabwe. This study set out to determine and describe the extent of this practice at Parirenyatwa Hospital, a large teaching hospital in Zimbabwe

Cited by 34 publications

References 17 publications

Comparison of wildlife and captivity rattlesnakes (Crotalus durissus terrificus) microbiota

Comparison of wildlife and captivity rattlesnakes (Crotalus durissus terrificus) microbiota

The identification of bacterial flora in oral cavity of snakes

Mordedura por Philodryas chamissonis: Presentación de un caso y revisión de la literatura

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