“…In attempts to discover the cause of their PC susceptibility, studies have been performed on familial FPC kindreds for known candidate genes that fall into two groups: (i) genes that cause inherited disorders that are associated with increased risk of PC development (e.g., BRCA1 , BRCA2 , and CDKN2A ) even in the absence of meeting criteria for these hereditary syndromes (279–281) and (ii) recently described genes such as palladin ( PALLD ) (282), ATM (283), and PALB2 (284,285) that were discovered by whole genome sequencing or linkage analysis of FPC kindred(s). As shown in Table 13 , results vary depending on the study population with mutations, for example, in BRCA1 ranging from 0 to 6% (281,286), BRCA2 ranging from 0 to 6% (281,287,288), CDKN2A ranging from 0 to 20% (280,281,288), and PALB2 ranging from 0 to 5% (281,285,288).…”