RP-HPLC–ESI–QTOF/MS2 based strategy for the comprehensive metabolite profiling of Sclerocarya birrea (marula) bark

Jiménez‐Sánchez, Cecilia; Lozano‐Sánchez, Jesús; Gabaldón, José Antonio; Segura‐Carretero, Antonio; Fernández‐Gutiérrez, Alberto

doi:10.1016/j.indcrop.2015.01.068

Cited by 31 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 117 publications

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“…The six compounds identified either tentatively or with the use of standards (quinic acid, catechin, epigallocatechin-3-gallate, epicatechin-3-O-gallate-epicatechin, procyanidin B2-3′3 di-O-gallate, epicatechin gallate) in this study have been previously tentatively identified in Marula stem bark in a study by Jimenez et al [ 15 ]. Additionally, in another study by Russo et al [ 14 ] the same compounds from our study were tentatively identified in Marula stem bark with the exception of quinic acid.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 59%

“…The variation in anti-elastase activity observed in our study from that reported in literature is difficult to explain as in our case elafin, the positive control gave the inhibitory activity as expected indicating the validity of the assay. Peak 5 and peak 6 had similar fragmentation patterns to the compounds epicatechin-3-O-gallate-epicatechin and procyanidin B2-3′3 di-O-gallate respectively, which were tentatively identified in Marula stem bark [ 14 , 15 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The chemical analysis using high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) resulted in a total of 36 compounds being identified with flavonoid glycosides abundant in leaf extracts and galloylated tannins prominent in bark and root extracts. In another study reverse-phase HPLC coupled to a Q-TOF-MS was used to evaluate the chemical profile of extracts of Marula bark which led to the identification of a total of 95 compounds classified mainly into organic acids, polyphenols and fatty acid derivatives [ 15 ]. Despite the traditional and commercial cosmetic applications of the Marula plant, the inhibition of collagenase and elastase activity of this plant has not yet been reported.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Anti-aging potential of extracts from Sclerocarya birrea (A. Rich.) Hochst and its chemical profiling by UPLC-Q-TOF-MS

Shoko

Maharaj

Naidoo

et al. 2018

BMC Complement Altern Med

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BackgroundDegradation of components of the extracellular matrix such as elastin and collagen by elastase and collagenase accelerates skin aging. Phytochemicals that inhibit the activity of these enzymes can be developed as anti-aging ingredients. In this study, an investigation of the anti-aging properties of Sclerocarya birrea (A. Rich.) Hochst (Marula) extracts was conducted in vitro with the aim of developing chemically characterized anti-aging ingredients.MethodsMarula stems, leaves and fruits were extracted using methanol:dichloromethane (DCM) (1:1). The stems were later extracted using acetone, ethanol, methanol:DCM (1:1) and sequentially using hexane, DCM, ethyl acetate and methanol. The stem ethanol extract was defatted and concentrated. Elastase and collagenase inhibition activities of these extracts and Marula oil were determined using spectrophotometric methods. The chemical profile of the ethanolic stem extract was developed using Ultra-performance-liquid chromatography quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS) with MassLynx software. Pure standards were used to confirm the identity of major compounds and were screened for anti-elastase and anti-collagenase activity.ResultsMarula stems extracts were the most active as they exhibited anti-elastase activity comparable to that of elafin (> 88%) and anti-collagenase activity as potent as EDTA (> 76%). The leaf extract had moderate anti-elastase activity (54%) but was inactive agains collagenase. Marula fruits and oil exhibited limited activity in both assays. The ethanolic extract of Marula stems was the most suitable based on its acceptability to the cosmetic industry and its anti-collagenase activity (99%). Defatting and concentration improved its antiaging activity and lowered the colour intensity. Six compounds have been tentatively identified in the chemical profile of the ethanolic extract of Marula stems of which four; quinic acid, catechin, epigallocatechin gallate and epicatechin gallate have been confirmed using pure standards. Epigallocatechin gallate and epicatechin gallate were as potent (p < 0.05) as EDTA at 5 μg/ml in the anti-collagenase assay.ConclusionsThe ethanolic extract of Marula stems can be developed into an anti-aging ingredient as it exhibited very good in vitro anti-aging activity and its chemical profile has been developed. Epicatechin gallate and epigallocatechin gallate contribute to the anti-aging activity of Marula stem ethanol extract.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s12906-018-2112-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 59%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Anti-aging potential of extracts from Sclerocarya birrea (A. Rich.) Hochst and its chemical profiling by UPLC-Q-TOF-MS

Shoko

Maharaj

Naidoo

et al. 2018

BMC Complement Altern Med

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“…The proposed method allowed the characterisation of 24 flavonoids and its derivatives, being the most abundant chemical group detected in the sample. In this sense, two isomers (peaks 2 and 5) with molecular ions at m/z 577.1351 were unambiguously identified as (epi)catechin–(epi)catechin (proanthocyanidin B2), according to characteristic fragments at m/z 289.0727 and 407.0778 . Peaks 4 and 8 displayed the same precursor ions [M – H] − at m/z 289.0718 and MS/MS product ions at m/z 109.0295 [M – H – 180 Da] − and 123.0452 [M – H – 166 Da] − .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

New technological approaches for recovering bioactive food constituents from sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) stems

Nastić

Lozano-Sánchez²,

Borrás-Linares³

et al. 2019

Phytochemical Analysis

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Introduction In recent years, an increasing interest in biological properties of sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) stems has resulted in increased attention for advanced extraction techniques and their optimisation. Objectives In the present study chemical profiles of P. avium stems extracts obtained by selected emerging technologies, such as pressurised liquid extraction (PLE) and supercritical fluid extraction (SFE), under different experimental conditions were compared. Material and Methods All SFEs were carried out at 40°C in a dynamic mode with different solvent combinations (CO2 plus ethanol at 7 and 15%) and pressures (150 and 300 bar). The PLE experiments were performed in a static mode for all tested combinations of extraction solvent (ethanol–water from 0% to 100%) at temperatures ranging from 40 to 200°C. A complete analytical characterisation of cherry stem extracts was performed by high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionisation quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (HPLC‐ESI‐QTOF‐MS). Results PLE showed to be more efficient than SFE removing a wide variety of compounds with different polarities being phenols the most abundant, whereas SFE resulted in a higher amount of fatty acids and derivatives. Chemical characterisation of the extracts was carried out by HPLC‐ESI‐QTOF‐MS yielding in total 42 identified compounds, among which 22 compounds were identified in P. avium stems for the first time. Conclusion These results point out the possibility of sweet cherry stem extracts to be incorporated in formulations manufactured by food and pharmaceutical industry. Also, these new thermal and high‐pressure industrial technologies proved to be promising candidates in the valorisation of sweet cherry by‐product.

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“…Moreover, water and acetone extracts of stem bark show anticancer and proapoptotic activities [ 13 ]. Previous studies [ 14 , 15 , 16 ] investigated the phytochemical profile of different parts of S. birrea and it was found that polyphenols, including phenolic acid, flavonoids and their glycosides and procyanidins, were the main compounds. Considering the antioxidant and proapoptotic activity of the methanol extract of S. birrea root [ 12 ] and in order to clarify the biological activity of different parts of this plant, the aim of this study was to investigate the in vitro antioxidant properties and the cytotoxic activity of leaf and bark methanol extracts in a carcinoma cell line (HepG2).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comparative Study on Phytochemical Profiles and Biological Activities of Sclerocarya birrea (A.Rich.) Hochst Leaf and Bark Extracts

Russo

Miglionico

Carmosino

et al. 2018

IJMS

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Sclerocarya birrea (A.Rich.) Hochst (Anacardiaceae) is a savannah tree that has long been used in sub-Saharan Africa as a medicinal remedy for numerous ailments. The purpose of this study was to increase the scientific knowledge about this plant by evaluating the total content of polyphenols, flavonoids, and tannins in the methanol extracts of the leaves and bark (MLE and MBE, respectively), as well as the in vitro antioxidant activity and biological activities of these extracts. Reported results show that MLE is rich in flavonoids (132.7 ± 10.4 mg of quercetin equivalents/g), whereas MBE has the highest content of tannins (949.5 ± 29.7 mg of tannic acid equivalents/g). The antioxidant activity was measured using four different in vitro tests: β-carotene bleaching (BCB), 2,2 -azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), O 2 −• , and nitric oxide (NO • ) assays.In all cases, MBE was the most active compared to MLE and the standards used (Trolox and ascorbic acid). Furthermore, MBE and MLE were tested to evaluate their activity in HepG2 and fibroblast cell lines. A higher cytotoxic activity of MBE was evidenced and confirmed by more pronounced alterations in cell morphology. MBE induced cell death, triggering the intrinsic apoptotic pathway by reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, which led to a loss of mitochondrial membrane potential with subsequent cytochrome c release from the mitochondria into the cytosol. Moreover, MBE showed lower cytotoxicity in normal human dermal fibroblasts, suggesting its potential as a selective anticancer agent.

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RP-HPLC–ESI–QTOF/MS2 based strategy for the comprehensive metabolite profiling of Sclerocarya birrea (marula) bark

Cited by 31 publications

References 117 publications

Anti-aging potential of extracts from Sclerocarya birrea (A. Rich.) Hochst and its chemical profiling by UPLC-Q-TOF-MS

Anti-aging potential of extracts from Sclerocarya birrea (A. Rich.) Hochst and its chemical profiling by UPLC-Q-TOF-MS

New technological approaches for recovering bioactive food constituents from sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) stems

A Comparative Study on Phytochemical Profiles and Biological Activities of Sclerocarya birrea (A.Rich.) Hochst Leaf and Bark Extracts

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