Ru-based multifunctional mesoporous catalyst for low-pressure and non-thermal plasma synthesis of ammonia

Peng, Peng; Cheng, Yanling; Hatzenbeller, Raymond; Addy, Min; Zhou, Nan; Schiappacasse, Charles; Chen, Dongjie; Zhang, Yaning; Anderson, Erik; Liu, Yuhuan; Chen, Paul; Ruan, Roger

doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2017.06.118

Cited by 96 publications

(127 citation statements)

References 73 publications

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“…Herein, we focus on tailoring the catalyst for radiofrequency plasma catalytic ammonia synthesis. The catalysts used by other researchers for plasma catalytic ammonia synthesis include Pt,Ni,Fe/Alumina Membrane [15], Ni/SiO 2 [16], Ru/MCM-41 [17], Mo wires [18], MgO [19], CaO, WO 3 [20], and Ru/Carbon nanotube [18,[21][22][23][24]. The only reports for RF plasma ammonia synthesis were presented by Matsumoto's group with an energy yield of 0.075 g-NH 3 /kWh.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ammonia Plasma-Catalytic Synthesis Using Low Melting Point Alloys

2018

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The Haber-Bosch process has been the commercial benchmark process for ammonia synthesis for more than a century. Plasma-catalytic synthesis for ammonia production is theorized to have a great potential for being a greener alternative to the Haber-Bosch process. However, the underlying reactions for ammonia synthesis still require some detailed study especially for radiofrequency plasmas. Herein, the use of inductively coupled radiofrequency plasma for the synthesis of ammonia when employing Ga, In and their alloys as catalysts is presented. The plasma is characterized using emission spectroscopy and the surface of catalysts using Scanning Electron Microscope. A maximum energy yield of 0.31 g-NH3/kWh and energy cost of 196 MJ/mol is achieved with Ga-In (0.6:0.4 and 0.2:0.8) alloy at 50 W plasma power. Granular nodes are observed on the surface of catalysts indicating the formation of the intermediate GaN.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ammonia Plasma-Catalytic Synthesis Using Low Melting Point Alloys

2018

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“…[63,64] Thesurfacedischarge of the catalystw as generated due to the packed-bed effect in the plasma-catalyst system and tended to propagate over the surface of the packed catalyst. For the effects of catalysto np lasma, one of the important characteristics was the surfaced ischarge along the catalysts urface, which was reported in various relevant studies.…”

Section: Plasma-catalyst Interactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[39,63] During the filamentous discharge, the plasma-N 2 -H 2 (PNH) interactions could be summarized by the following three generals teps:i )dissociation and ionization of the inlet nitrogen and hydrogen gases,i i) formation of the gaseous and surface-adsorbed reactive species, and iii)production of ammonia through recombination of the reactive species. [64][65][66] Hong et al furtherc ategorized the reactions for the PNH system into 14 types, including electronic excitation and ionization by electrons, vibrational excitation and de-excitation of N 2 (ni) and H 2 (nj) by electrons, vibrational-translational interactions, three-body reactions, etc. [67] Within the differentt ypes of interactions, the authors identified that the high rate of the three-body reactions between the NH radicals, H 2 ,a nd another H 2 or N 2 molecule were the main driving force in the formation of ammonia in N 2 and H 2 plasma without catalytic surface reactions.…”

Section: Plasma-n 2 -H 2 Interactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For the effects of catalysto np lasma, one of the important characteristics was the surfaced ischarge along the catalysts urface, which was reported in various relevant studies. [63,64] Thesurfacedischarge of the catalystw as generated due to the packed-bed effect in the plasma-catalyst system and tended to propagate over the surface of the packed catalyst. [71] The discharge on the catalyst surfaceh as significant impacto nt he plasma streamer propagation,i nb oth the discharge gap and catalyst pores.…”

Section: Plasma-catalyst Interactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sustainable Non‐Thermal Plasma‐Assisted Nitrogen Fixation—Synergistic Catalysis

et al. 2019

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In this Minireview, the multiple chemical synergies present in catalytic non‐thermal plasma‐assisted nitrogen fixation (NTPNF) are uncovered through a critical exploration of the underlying mechanisms, during which the catalyst, plasma, and reactants play different roles. For the gas‐phase NTPNF, the synergies consist of different aspects of the catalytic pathways such as electron‐impact dissociation; Zeldovich mechanism in the PNO interactions; and Eley–Rideal, Langmuir–Hinshelwood, surface adsorption, and diffusion mechanisms for the plasma–catalyst interactions. The synergies within the gas–liquid NTPNF involve contributions of plasma and UV excitation to the gas‐phase reactions and the UV excitation of molecules at the liquid–surface interface, which improves synthesis of aqueous nitrate, nitrite, and ammonium products. Based on the various synergistic mechanisms during NTPNF, future potential applications are proposed for how NTPNF could benefit the sustainable nitrogen fixation industry.

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“…To sustain the plasma, the charge of the capacitor is reversed by applying an alternating current (AC), resulting in a plasma current flow in the opposite direction, until the capacitor is charged again. The range of 0.5 -500 kHz [2] is mainly used and higher frequencies might allow an intense treatment due to the higher number of discharges [13]. DBD has two discharge modes, filamentary mode and homogeneous/diffuse mode known as atmospheric pressure glow discharge (APGD).…”

Section: Fundamentalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasma Catalytical Reactors for Atmospheric Gas Conversions

Nitsche

Unger

Weidner

2018

Chemie Ingenieur Technik

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Plasma catalysis, the combination of non‐thermal plasma and catalyst, is a promising approach for optimizing chemical conversions as the removal of gas trace components. The various technological opportunities for the generation of atmospheric non‐thermal plasma combined with the variety of usable catalysts result in a huge amount of different experimental approaches. The aim of the presented review is to give an overview of plasma catalytic reactor designs currently discussed in literature as well as to point out technological differences and potential for up‐scaling.

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Ru-based multifunctional mesoporous catalyst for low-pressure and non-thermal plasma synthesis of ammonia

Cited by 96 publications

References 73 publications

Ammonia Plasma-Catalytic Synthesis Using Low Melting Point Alloys

Ammonia Plasma-Catalytic Synthesis Using Low Melting Point Alloys

Sustainable Non‐Thermal Plasma‐Assisted Nitrogen Fixation—Synergistic Catalysis

Plasma Catalytical Reactors for Atmospheric Gas Conversions

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