Ru/HZSM-5 as an efficient and recyclable catalyst for reductive amination of furfural to furfurylamine

Highly selective and robust single-atom catalyst Ru1/NC for reductive amination of aldehydes/ketones

“…In contrast to the high efficiency of Ru 1 /NC-900 and Ru 1 /NC-900–800NH 3 SACs, the Ru 1 /NC-1000 catalyst with predominance of Ru NPs provides FAM yield of only 53% (Table 2 , entry 5), far inferior to the Ru single-atom catalysts. We also prepared other nanocatalysts including Ru/AC, Ru/Nb 2 O 5 , and Ru/HZSM-5 which were reported to be highly active for the reductive amination of furfural 19 , 45 , 46 . Under identical reaction conditions, the Ru/AC nanocatalyst gives an enhanced FAM yield (82%, Table 2 , entry 6) than Ru 1 /NC-1000, which can be due to the smaller and more exposed Ru particles on the AC support (Supplementary Fig.…”

Recent advances in the conversion of furfural into bio-chemicals through chemo- and bio-catalysis

“…71,72 In general, the amination reactions of carbonyl compounds such as aldehydes or ketones are usually carried out using hydrogenation catalysts with additives and gaseous ammonia in dioxane or alcohol solvents, where the most common catalysts are Ni and Co-based catalysts. 71,[73][74][75][76][77] However, some of the great challenges of this process include the deactivation of the catalyst, unselective hydrogenation of aromatic and furan rings and the formation of secondary and tertiary amine byproducts.…”

Base-Free Synthesis of Furfurylamines from Biomass Furans Using Ru Pincer Complexes

“…Hydrogen gas as reductant is an interesting green tool; however, the method needs to operate under pressure of a highly flammable gas, increasing the operating cost. Nevertheless, there are many examples in the literature using H 2 as reductant for reductive amination with noble and non-noble metal catalysts such as Ru, Au, Ir, Pt, Ni, Co and Fe [5][6][7][8][9][10][11]. Although silane is obtained from waste residues of the silicon industry, their use is still in stoichiometric amounts, generating excessive amounts of waste [12][13][14].…”