Ru/ITO: A Carbon-Free Cathode for Nonaqueous Li–O<sub>2</sub> Battery

Li, Fujun; Tang, Dai‐Ming; Chen, Yong; Golberg, Dmitri; Kitaura, Hirokazu; Zhang, Tao; Yamada, Atsuo; Zhou, Haoshen

doi:10.1021/nl402213h

Cited by 246 publications

(234 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Up to date, carbon‐based cathodes have been widely applied in Li–O 2 batteries, due to their light weight, promising electronic conductivity, and highly porous structure 8, 9, 10, 11. However, carbon‐based cathodes were found to react with Li 2 O 2 or intermediates, forming Li 2 CO 3 during charge process 12, 13, 14. These irreversible side reactions result in an augment of overpotential during the charging process and consequently lead to cycle degradation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These irreversible side reactions result in an augment of overpotential during the charging process and consequently lead to cycle degradation. Therefore, it is necessary to explore more stable cathode materials to replace carbon to improve reversibility of Li–O 2 batteries 12, 13, 14…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, the large surface area of Ti mesh substrate and the absence of insulating binder materials13 can also improve the electronic conductivity and alleviate side reaction. Since Ru species has been generally considered as an efficient catalyst for oxygen evolution reaction in nonaqueous Li–O 2 batteries,12, 18, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32 ruthenium oxide was electrodeposited into the TiN NTA to form a coaxial nanostructure. As an integration of highly efficient Ru species catalyst and nanostructured carbon‐free support, this carbon‐ and binder‐free electrode can be expected to deliver an enhanced round‐trip efficiency and consequently improve cycle performance for Li–O 2 batteries application.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Carbon‐ and Binder‐Free Nanostructured Cathode for High‐Performance Nonaqueous Li‐O₂ Battery

Chang

Dong

et al. 2015

Advanced Science

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Operation of the nonaqueous Li–O2 battery critically relies on the reversible oxygen reduction/evolution reactions in the porous cathode. Carbon and polymeric binder, widely used for the construction of Li–O2 cathode, have recently been shown to decompose in the O2 environment and thus cannot sustain the desired battery reactions. Identifying stable cathode materials is thus a major current challenge that has motivated extensive search for noncarbonaceous alternatives. Here, RuOx/titanium nitride nanotube arrays (RuOx/TiN NTA) containing neither carbon nor binder are used as the cathode for nonaqueous Li–O2 batteries. The free standing TiN NTA electrode is more stable than carbon electrode, and possesses enhanced electronic conductivity compared to TiN nanoparticle bound with polytetrafluoroethylene due to a direct contact between TiN and Ti mesh substrate. RuOx is electrodeposited into TiN NTA to form a coaxial nanostructure, which can further promote the oxygen evolution reaction. This optimized monolithic electrode can avoid the side reaction arising from carbon material, which exhibits low overpotential and excellent cycle stability over 300 cycles. These results presented here demonstrate a highly effective carbon‐free cathode and further imply that the structure designing of cathode plays a critical role for improving the electrochemical performance of nonaqueous Li–O2 batteries.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Carbon‐ and Binder‐Free Nanostructured Cathode for High‐Performance Nonaqueous Li‐O₂ Battery

Chang

Dong

et al. 2015

Advanced Science

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“…[1][2][3][4] However, the development of practical Li-O 2 batteries faces several serious challenges, including high overpotential between charge and discharge, poor cycling stability, low Coulombic efficiency and low rate capability. [5][6][7][8] The reaction mechanism in a Li-O 2 cell involves an oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in the discharge process and an oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in the charge process, during which molecular O 2 reacts reversibly with Li + ions (Li + +O 2 +2e − ↔ Li 2 O 2 , with an equilibrium voltage of 2.96 V vs Li).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ruthenium nanocrystal decorated vertical graphene nanosheets@Ni foam as highly efficient cathode catalysts for lithium-oxygen batteries

Seo

et al. 2016

NPG Asia Mater

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The electrochemical performance of lithium-oxygen (Li-O 2 ) batteries can be markedly improved through designing the architecture of cathode electrodes with sufficient spaces to facilitate the diffusion of oxygen and accommodate the discharge products, and optimizing the cathode catalyst to promote the oxygen reduction reaction and oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Herein, we report the synthesis of ruthenium (Ru) nanocrystal-decorated vertically aligned graphene nanosheets (VGNS) grown on nickel (Ni) foam. As an effective binder-free cathode catalyst for Li-O 2 batteries, the Ru-decorated VGNS@Ni foam can significantly reduce the charge overpotential via the effects on the OER and achieve high specific capacity, leading to an enhanced electrochemical performance. The Ru-decorated VGNS@Ni foam electrode has demonstrated low charge overpotential of~0.45 V and high reversible capacity of 23 864 mAh g − 1 at the current density of 200 mA g − 1 , which can be maintained for 50 cycles under full charge and discharge testing condition in the voltage range of 2.0-4.2 V. Furthermore, Ru nanocrystal decorated VGNS@Ni foam can be cycled for more than 200 cycles with a low overpotential of 0.23 V under the capacity curtained to be 1000 mAh g − 1 at a current density of 200 mA g − 1 . Ru-decorated VGNS@Ni foam electrodes have also achieved excellent high rate and long cyclability performance. This superior electrochemical performance should be ascribed to the unique three-dimensional porous nanoarchitecture of the VGNS@Ni foam electrodes, which provide sufficient pores for the diffusion of oxygen and storage of the discharge product (Li 2 O 2 ), and the effective catalytic effect of Ru nanocrystals on the OER, respectively. Ex situ field emission scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, Raman and Fourier transform infrared measurements revealed that Ru-decorated VGNS@Ni foam can effectively decompose the discharge product Li 2 O 2 , facilitate the OER and lead to a high round-trip efficiency. Therefore, Ru-decorated VGNS@Ni foam is a promising cathode catalyst for rechargeable Li-O 2 batteries with low charge overpotential, long cycle life and high specific capacity.

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“…One of the effective methods to alleviate the side reactions is to prepare carbon and/or binder‐free electrodes 35, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57. Chang et al prepared a carbon/binder‐free RuO x /TiN nanotube arrays cathode, which exhibited an excellent cycling stability over 300 cycles 35.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High‐Performance Li–O₂ Batteries with Controlled Li₂O₂ Growth in Graphene/Au‐Nanoparticles/Au‐Nanosheets Sandwich

Wang

Xie

et al. 2016

Advanced Science

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The working of nonaqueous Li–O2 batteries relies on the reversible formation/decomposition of Li2O2 which is electrically insulating and reactive with carbon and electrolyte. Realizing controlled growth of Li2O2 is a prerequisite for high performance of Li–O2 batteries. In this work, a sandwich‐structured catalytic cathode is designed: graphene/Au‐nanoparticles/Au‐nanosheets (G/Au‐NP/Au‐NS) that enables controlled growth of Li2O2 spatially and structurally. It is found that thin‐layer Li2O2 (below 10 nm) can grow conformally on the surface of Au NPs confined in between graphene and Au NSs. This unique crystalline behavior of Li2O2 effectively relieves or defers the electrode deactivation with Li2O2 accumulation and largely reduces the contact of Li2O2 with graphene and electrolyte. As a result, Li–O2 batteries with the G/Au‐NP/Au‐NS cathode exhibit superior electrochemical performance. A stable cycling of battery can last 300 times at 400 mA g−1 when the capacity is limited at 500 mAh g−1. This work provides a practical design of catalytic cathodes capable of controlling Li2O2 growth.

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Ru/ITO: A Carbon-Free Cathode for Nonaqueous Li–O₂ Battery

Cited by 246 publications

References 28 publications

A Carbon‐ and Binder‐Free Nanostructured Cathode for High‐Performance Nonaqueous Li‐O₂ Battery

A Carbon‐ and Binder‐Free Nanostructured Cathode for High‐Performance Nonaqueous Li‐O₂ Battery

Ruthenium nanocrystal decorated vertical graphene nanosheets@Ni foam as highly efficient cathode catalysts for lithium-oxygen batteries

High‐Performance Li–O₂ Batteries with Controlled Li₂O₂ Growth in Graphene/Au‐Nanoparticles/Au‐Nanosheets Sandwich

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Ru/ITO: A Carbon-Free Cathode for Nonaqueous Li–O2 Battery

Cited by 246 publications

References 28 publications

A Carbon‐ and Binder‐Free Nanostructured Cathode for High‐Performance Nonaqueous Li‐O2 Battery

A Carbon‐ and Binder‐Free Nanostructured Cathode for High‐Performance Nonaqueous Li‐O2 Battery

Ruthenium nanocrystal decorated vertical graphene nanosheets@Ni foam as highly efficient cathode catalysts for lithium-oxygen batteries

High‐Performance Li–O2 Batteries with Controlled Li2O2 Growth in Graphene/Au‐Nanoparticles/Au‐Nanosheets Sandwich

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Product

Resources

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Ru/ITO: A Carbon-Free Cathode for Nonaqueous Li–O₂ Battery

A Carbon‐ and Binder‐Free Nanostructured Cathode for High‐Performance Nonaqueous Li‐O₂ Battery

A Carbon‐ and Binder‐Free Nanostructured Cathode for High‐Performance Nonaqueous Li‐O₂ Battery

High‐Performance Li–O₂ Batteries with Controlled Li₂O₂ Growth in Graphene/Au‐Nanoparticles/Au‐Nanosheets Sandwich