Rub‐Resistant Antibacterial Surface Conversion Layer on Stainless Steel (Adv. Mater. Interfaces 11/2022)

Huang, Haiyue; Barber, Olivia Willilams; Yu, Zhilong; Park, Hun; Hu, Xiaobing; Chen, Xinqi; Chen, Chun‐Hu; Hartmann, Erica M.; Huang, Jiaxing

doi:10.1002/admi.202270060

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“…It is most likely an amorphous oxyhydroxide layer, similar to those formed on different metals. [ 34–37 ] This gradient distribution of elements across the thickness of the film avoids the formation of a sharp interface between Zn and the surface passivation layer, thus ensuring good adhesion as it minimizes residual stress, which is beneficial for the stability of the layer during electrochemical operations.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical Passivation Stabilizes Zn Anode

Huang

2022

Advanced Materials

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the cycling life of ZIBs is greatly limited by the stability of Zn metal anode in aqueous electrolytes. [15][16][17] The tendency of Zn to develop dendrites during cycling can result in an inner short circuit when they pierce through the separators. On the other hand, Zn metal is thermodynamically unstable in aqueous electrolytes and is subject to corrosion in H 2 O or slightly acidic solutions. [18,19] The irreversible consumption of electrolyte and the accumulation of corrosion by-products (e.g., H 2 ) can lead to the "bloating" of battery or even a circuit failure. [20] In addition, corrosion amplifies any heterogeneity that may be present or developed on the Zn electrode, which further promotes the growth of dendrite, leading to the premature failure of batteries.To improve the stability and electrochemical reversibility of Zn metal electrode, several mitigative strategies have been reported. [21] For example, water-in-salt type of electrolytes has been used to prevent Zn corrosion due to a lower activity of bounded water molecules. [22,23] However, this results in a lower ion diffusion rate and uneconomic use of electrolytes. [24] Also, some ingenious structural designs on Zn host/substrate, for example, using high temperature annealed ZIF-8 nanoparticles as the porous host, [25] sputtering deposited quasi-isolated nano-Au particles as the heterogeneous seeds, [26] manufacturing the Zn surface with more exposed (002) crystal plane, [27] designing carbon spheres host with zincophilic sites, [28] depositing a graphene layer on stainless steel to guide the deposition of Zn, [29] show significant improvements of the inhibition of dendrite. [25][26][27][28][29][30] Nevertheless, the scalability, cost-effectiveness, and efficiency of these reported approaches can hardly be met simultaneously. Alternatively, protective layers are often inserted in between the electrode and electrolytes to improve the uniformity of Zn deposition, [31,32] but they are typically in the range of a few microns to tens of microns, which are comparable to the thickness of the electrode, thus significantly increases the volume and the mass of the electrodes, reducing the overall energy density.Here, we report that a rapid solution chemical treatment of Zn metal that results in a uniform, conformal, and robust passivation layer of ≈65 nm thick, which can drastically improve the cycling stability of Zn anode. Due to the chemical activity of Zn, it can spontaneously react with many oxidizing agents and form a dense continuous passivation layer protecting its surface. Compared to coatings made of various polymers or 2D materials, this native passivation layer has several advantages, including strong adhesion to the substrate, high homogeneity, and small thickness due to the self-limiting nature of Aqueous zinc ion batteries are an attractive option for grid-scale energy storage, which is vital to the integration of renewable energy resources with the electric energy infrastructure. The cycling stability of aqueous ZIBs is determined by the ele...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%