Rubber Foam Processing via Bubbling Technique

Sirikulchaikij, Sanit; Nooklay, Benjaporn; Kokoo, Rungrote; Khangkhamano, Matthana

doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.962.96

Cited by 8 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…On the other hand, CNRL, LATZ (MD) and DPNR (MD) latex foam are basically NR latex, but the foaming mechanism between CNRL latex foam and LATZ (MD) and DPNR (MD) latex foam is different. The effects of the foaming mechanism on morphological characteristics of NR latex foam have been described in previous studies 35,47,61 .…”

Section: Morphological Studymentioning

confidence: 82%

“…The elongation at break of CMF, however, did not meet the standard requirement. This could be due to the soft nature of the material, leading to faster damage of the material compared with NR latex foam [47][48][49] . 3 clearly shows that decreasing the density levels of both DPNR and LATZ latex foams decreases the IH value.…”

Section: Physical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the other hand, the MD foam at the lower part of the pillow is expected to provide a firmer feeling and superior neck support. It should be noted that LD foam is soft, and thus, when the pillow is overloaded, the foam will be flattened (bottoming out), and thus will no longer be able to provide its important pressure distribution feature, something that has been observed before in some CMF foam pillows [47][48][49] . The bottoming out issue not only affects pressure-relief performance but also reduces its durability over time.…”

Section: Pressure-relief Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

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Development of latex foam pillows from deproteinized natural rubber latex

et al. 2021

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Currently there is significant demand for pillows with improved pressure-relief features made from natural materials, alternatives to petrochemical-based foams. In order to meet the requirements, this study's approach is to develop latex foam pillows from deproteinized natural rubber (DPNR) latex with a unique dual-density cervical-shaped structure. In this work, DPNR latex foam pillows were produced at three different density levels which are high-density, medium-density and low-density. Extractable protein content of latex foam made from DPNR was confirmed lower than latex foam made from low ammonia NR latex (LATZ) and of commercial NR latex foams, making DPNR pillows more hypoallergenic than others. The physical properties of the produced DPNR latex foams were examined in accordance with Malaysian Standard MS679, and were found to comply with all requirements stipulated in standard specifications. A novel dual-density cervical-shaped DPNR latex foam pillow prototype was produced where the pillow has lower density at the upper part and higher density at the lower part. Pressure-mapping was used to visualize the pressure distribution patterns and to measure the average peak pressure when a mannequin head was placed on top of the pillow. The study observed that decreasing the density increases the softness of the DPNR latex foam. Softer latex foams led to larger surface contact area, and hence a reduced average peak pressure value. This cervical-shaped structure further increased the surface contact area between the pillow and mannequin head, and thus reduced further the average peak pressure value.

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Section: Morphological Studymentioning

confidence: 82%

Section: Physical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Pressure-relief Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

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Development of latex foam pillows from deproteinized natural rubber latex

et al. 2021

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“…This is due to the Dunlop method used, in which the foaming process uses a mixer to generate a high‐bubble volume with nonuniform pore size distribution and interconnected pores. [ 17,19,31,32 ] In contrast, a closed‐cell foam preserves an independent closed structure for each cell. [ 33,34 ] There is a templating route via microfluidics that could be used to have more control over the pore morphology of the PolyHIPE (high internal phase emulsion) foam.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Approaches toward High Resilience Rubber Foams: Morphology–Mechanics–Thermodynamics Relationships

Prasopdee

Shah

Smitthipong

2021

Macro Materials & Eng

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Natural rubber foam (NRF) products are frequently required in high resilience or high shape recoverability applications, which is in contrast to the fundamental nature of NRF. This study aims to improve NRF properties, such as recovery, by increasing the amount of vulcanizing chemicals (Vc) and adding cassava starch (Cs). Interestingly, increasing the amount of Vc and Cs improves mechanical properties and shape recoverability of NRF although the morphology of NRF with various concentrations of Cs is similar. The ratio of internal energy to the compression force is almost constant with various amounts of Vc and Cs because the degree of freedom of the rubber chains remains stable. NRF possesses better compression strength and shape recoverability with increasing amount of Vc (optimum of 16 phr) and Cs (optimum of 8 phr). Cassava starch is discovered as an attractive filler in comparison to traditional NRF fillers, such as charcoal and silica, due to its relatively low density.

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“…Talalay process offers spherical cell shape with a flawless interconnected foamnetwork, 7 whereas Dunlop method provides irregular cell shape with a broken foam-network. 8 In this research, we ignored the use of a high-speed Hobart mixer which caused broken foamnetwork, 9,10 but the use of MBs instead to produce NRLFs with spherical cell shape and interconnected foam-network. MBs filled with air, nitrogen, and argon were used to produce the foams with varied properties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbubble technology for natural rubber latex foam production: The use of various gas-filled microbubbles

2021

Self Cite

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In recent years, microbubble technology has attracted great attention in many application fields including water treatment, food processing, oil recovery, surface cleaning, and therapeutic applications. In this paper, microbubbles (MBs) of air, nitrogen, and argon were applied to produce natural rubber latex foams (NRLFs). The bubbles were generated by flowing the gas through a porous diffuser and latex. The effect of gas source on cellular structure, density, elasticity, indentation hardness, and flammability of the bubbled foams was discussed. Argon MBs offered the latex foams with fine cell diameters and uniform cell size distribution resulting in enhanced elasticity and physical properties of the foams. Indentation hardness index and limiting oxygen index value depended significantly on the gas used. By using the microbubble technique, the future prospects in NRLF production can be expected due to its ability in controllable cellular structure.

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Rubber Foam Processing via Bubbling Technique

Cited by 8 publications

References 7 publications

Development of latex foam pillows from deproteinized natural rubber latex

Development of latex foam pillows from deproteinized natural rubber latex

Approaches toward High Resilience Rubber Foams: Morphology–Mechanics–Thermodynamics Relationships

Microbubble technology for natural rubber latex foam production: The use of various gas-filled microbubbles

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