Rubber reclamation with high bond-breaking selectivity using a low-temperature mechano-chemical devulcanization method

Guo, Lanhui; Wang, Chuansheng; Lv, Dejun; Ren, Donghui; Zhai, Tianjian; Sun, Chengliang; Liu, Haichao

doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.123266

Cited by 24 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Research trends showed that low-temperature devulcanization is gaining more and more attention [17][18][19]. The main advantages of low-temperature devulcanization are related to limited main chain scission (the devulcanization mechanism is preferable) and also to significantly reduced levels of volatile organic compounds formulated during rubber reclaiming [20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Processing, Performance Properties, and Storage Stability of Ground Tire Rubber Modified by Dicumyl Peroxide and Ethylene-Vinyl Acetate Copolymers

2021

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In this paper, ground tire rubber was modified with dicumyl peroxide and a variable content (in the range of 0–15 phr) of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers characterized by different vinyl acetate contents (in the range of 18–39 wt.%). Modification of ground tire rubber was performed via an auto-thermal extrusion process in which heat was generated during internal shearing of the material inside the extruder barrel. The processing, performance properties, and storage stability of modified reclaimed ground tire rubber were evaluated based on specific mechanical energy, infrared camera images, an oscillating disc rheometer, tensile tests, equilibrium swelling, gas chromatography combined with a flame ionization detector, and gas chromatography with mass spectrometry. It was found that the developed formulas of modified GTR allowed the preparation of materials characterized by tensile strengths in the range of 2.6–9.3 MPa and elongation at break in the range of 78–225%. Moreover, the prepared materials showed good storage stability for at least three months and satisfied processability with commercial rubbers (natural rubber, styrene-butadiene rubber).

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Processing, Performance Properties, and Storage Stability of Ground Tire Rubber Modified by Dicumyl Peroxide and Ethylene-Vinyl Acetate Copolymers

2021

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“…Waste tire tread strips were first added into the internal mixer of the LTRE [21] and mixed at the roller speed of 50 r min −1 and barrel temperature of 40 • C for 25 s. Then, terpinene and TEPA were added into the internal mixer and the barrel temperature was increased to 80 • C for 20 min. After that, the rubber compounds were transported into the twin-screw extruder of the LTRE, which was operated at a screw speed of 50 r min −1 and barrel temperature of 50 • C. The extruded rubber compounds were then thin-passed 15 times in the finishing mill.…”

Section: Rubber Reclamationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additionally, the low-temperature condition with such a method can reduce the generation of toxic and harmful gases, thereby ensuring cleaner production. Based on the mechano-chemical method, we have developed low-temperature rubber reclaiming equipment (LTRE) in our previous work and obtained reclaimed rubbers with much higher properties than those produced by mechano-chemical methods [20,21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low-Temperature Mechano-Chemical Rubber Reclamation Using Terpinene as a Swelling Agent to Enhance Bond-Breaking Selectivity

et al. 2021

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Common swelling agents used in the mechano-chemical rubber devulcanization process usually require high temperatures to achieve satisfactory swelling effects, which results in severe production of pollutants and reduces the selectivity of bond scissions. This work presents an environmentally friendly swelling agent, terpinene, which can swell the rubber crosslink structures at low temperatures. Both a rubber swelling experiment and a rubber reclaiming experiment with a mechano-chemical devulcanization method are conducted to explore the swelling effects of terpinene. After soaking in terpinene at 60 °C for 90 min, the length elongation of the rubber sample reaches 1.55, which is much higher than that in naphthenic oil and is comparable to that in toluene. When adding 3 phr of terpinene for every 100 phr of waste rubber during the reclaiming process, the bond scissions exhibit high selectivity. After revulcanization, the reclaimed rubbers have a tensile strength of 17 MPa and a breaking elongation of 400%. Consequently, the application of terpinene as the swelling agent in the LTMD method can greatly improve the properties of reclaimed rubbers, thereby enhancing the dual value for the economy and environment.

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“…The aim of devulcanization in different existing processes such as, mechanical, [ 7–13 ] mechanochemical, [ 14–20 ] microwave [ 21–24 ] and ultrasound [ 25–27 ] is therefore, to convert three‐dimensionally interlinked thermoset rubber material to the two‐dimensional thermoplastic material having many of the characteristics at par with that of the virgin rubber.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Back to the origin: A spick‐and‐span sustainable approach for the devulcanization of ground tire rubber

Mondal

Hait

Ghorai³

et al. 2023

Vinyl Additive Technology

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A new sustainable approach for the development of value added devulcanized rubber will augment its application in tire industry and play a significant role toward the product quality, production economy and market completion. The right choice of devulcanizing agent is carried out to keep in mind that the chemical will act as superior devulcanizing agent, easily available, low cost, smoothly penetrate into the crosslinked network in presence of carrier, multifunctional activity and eco-friendly in nature. Consequently, the current research work is focused on the devulcanization of ground tire rubber (GTR) by way of a multifunctional devulcanizing agent, bis(3-triethoxysilylpropyl)tetrasulfide. The uniqueness of the chemical agent is that it will devulcanize GTR mechanochemically and subsequently the so-grown devulcanized rubber can facilitate the homogeneous silica dispersion into the revulcanized rubber compound. The degree of devulcanization and the devulcanized rubber quality is measured by the swelling experiment and Horikx theory. The experimental results clearly specified that the optimal devulcanization time is 40 min to obtain better-quality of devulcanized rubber and enhanced mechanical and thermal performance of revulcanized rubber. The homogeneous silica dispersion in the rubber matrix is further supported by the scanning electron microscopy images. Ultimately, it was established that the as-grown technology is suitable for rubber reclaiming, which provides to the advancement in the ecological sustainability.

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Rubber reclamation with high bond-breaking selectivity using a low-temperature mechano-chemical devulcanization method

Cited by 24 publications

References 34 publications

Processing, Performance Properties, and Storage Stability of Ground Tire Rubber Modified by Dicumyl Peroxide and Ethylene-Vinyl Acetate Copolymers

Processing, Performance Properties, and Storage Stability of Ground Tire Rubber Modified by Dicumyl Peroxide and Ethylene-Vinyl Acetate Copolymers

Low-Temperature Mechano-Chemical Rubber Reclamation Using Terpinene as a Swelling Agent to Enhance Bond-Breaking Selectivity

Back to the origin: A spick‐and‐span sustainable approach for the devulcanization of ground tire rubber

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