Rubella Reinfection and the Fetus

Cradock-Watson, J. E.; Ridehalgh, MargaretK.S.; Anderson, M.; Pattison, J. R.; Weiland, H. T.; Gemert, G. W. van; Verwey, R.A.; Logt, J. T. M. Van Der; Loon, A.M. Van; Nigro, Giovanni; Nanni, Fulvio; Midulla, M; Morgan‐Capner, P.; Best, Jennifer M.; Banatvala, J. E.

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(85)91636-8

Cited by 15 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Com base em publicações de diferentes autores [1], [3], [4], [5], [6] sabe-se que a reinfecção da rubéola pode ocorrer mesmo quando existe imunidade adquirida pela doença ou imunidade induzida pela vacinação. A reinfecção pode ocorrer com ou sem sintomas clínicos e, em qualquer uma destas situações, o número de casos existentes pode ser suficiente para manter o vírus circulando na comunidade.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Um Modelo Matemático da Reinfecção da Rubéola

Raimundo¹,

Yang²

2003

TEMA - Tendências Em Matemática Aplicada E Computacional

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Resumo. Neste trabalho desenvolve-se um modelo matemático que descreve a dinâmica da reinfecção da rubéola e propõe a vacinação como estratégia de controle e/ou erradicação da doença em uma comunidade. Com o objetivo de analisar como a infecção aindaé mantida na população, mesmo existindo um programa de vacinação e revacinação em massa,é feita uma análise qualitativa do modelo determinando seus pontos de equilíbrios e a estabilidade destes pontos. IntroduçãoCom base em publicações de diferentes autores O esquema proposto pela maioria dos países para a erradicação da rubéolaé a imunização seletiva da população, através da vacinação em crianças entre 12 e 15 meses de idade, com a vacina tríplice MMR (sarampo, caxumba e rubéola). Uma doseúnica da vacina MMR induz a formação de anticorpos contra os três vírus ao menos em 95% dos suscetíveis vacinados. Entretanto, existem evidências do reaparecimento da rubéola em adultos que foram vacinados de acordo com este esquema e, por esta razão, recomenda-se uma segunda dose entre 3 a 6 anos de idade ou, então, na adolescência.É importante que todos os adolescentes sejam imunesà rubéola, em especial as mulheres que queiram engravidar. A rubéolaé geralmente uma doença benigna, mas muito perigosa em mulheres grávidas pois o vírus pode 1 silviamr@dim

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Section: Introductionunclassified

Um Modelo Matemático da Reinfecção da Rubéola

Raimundo¹,

Yang²

2003

TEMA - Tendências Em Matemática Aplicada E Computacional

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“…Because of this, avidity quantification for specific IgG could represent a new, sensitive,and specific method for the serological diagnosis of recent infection. It also makes the distinction between primary infection and reinfection possible (6)(7)(8).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reliability of low-avidity IgG and of IgA in the diagnosis of primary infection by rubella virus with adaptation of a commercial test

Gutiérrez¹,

Rodríguez²,

Ory³

et al. 1999

J. Clin. Lab. Anal.

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The detection of IgA and low-avidity IgG and antibodies in serum is a potentially useful marker of recent infection by a microorganism. We studied the reliability of IgG avidity and presence of IgA for the diagnosis of recent acute infection by rubella virus. Low-avidity IgG (Avy-EIA test) was determined with a modified commercial test using 8 molar urea (indirect ELISA, DiaSorin, Italy) and IgA was determined with a homemade indirect ELISA test. Twenty-five patients with recent primary infection by rubella virus (group I) and 50 healthy subjects (group II) were studied. In group I low-avidity IgG varied between 100 and 0% (67.3 ± 21.8%); IgA was present in 24 patients (96%). In group II low-avidity IgG varied from 50.4 to 0% (19.8 ± 16.9%). IgA was present in 2 subjects (4%). The sensitivity of the Avi-EIA and the IgA test was 92 and 96%, respectively; specificity was 100 and 96%, respectively. We conclude that both low-avidity IgG and IgA tests are helpful and reliable for the diagnosis of recent primary infection.

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“…Neonatal hydrocephalus can be caused by genetic or nongenetic factors. Genetic factors are implicated, for example, in neural tube defects and chromosome abnormalities [Habib, 19811. A nongenetic etiology is considered when postinflammatory fibrosis is caused by a viral encephalitis (i.e., rubella, cytomegalovirus, or hypothetically, mumps virus) [Johnson et al, 1967;Hanshaw et al, 1985;Cradock-Watson et al, 1985;Townsend et al, 19751 and intraventricular hemorrhages.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New syndrome of hydrocephalus, endocardial fibroelastosis, and cataracts (HEC syndrome)

et al. 1995

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We report on two unrelated male infants with similar findings of communicating hydrocephalus, endocardial fibroelastosis (EFE) and congenital cataracts, who died at 4 months of age. Both mothers reported an upper respiratory infection during the first trimester of pregnancy which was further complicated by polyhydramnios in the third trimester. The infants were diagnosed with bilateral congenital nuclear cataracts at birth. Serologic tests for toxoplasmosis, rubella, cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex virus, syphilis, and galactosemia screens were negative. Chromosome analyses were normal. Both children developed communicating hydrocephalus between one and three months after birth. Patient 1 died suddenly at 4 months following an upper respiratory infection. Patient 2 developed congestive heart failure and also died at 4 months. At autopsy, both infants had enlarged hearts with endocardial fibroelastosis. No identifiable organism could be isolated. We discuss the association of birth defects in widely separated organ systems in these patients and suggest that this may represent a genetic syndrome; however, a viral etiology cannot entirely be excluded. We believe this is a distinct disorder and propose the acronym HEC for hydrocephalus, EFE and cataracts.

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Rubella Reinfection and the Fetus

Cited by 15 publications

References 16 publications

Um Modelo Matemático da Reinfecção da Rubéola

Um Modelo Matemático da Reinfecção da Rubéola

Reliability of low-avidity IgG and of IgA in the diagnosis of primary infection by rubella virus with adaptation of a commercial test

New syndrome of hydrocephalus, endocardial fibroelastosis, and cataracts (HEC syndrome)

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