Rubidium and lithium butanoates binary phase diagram

Study of the Polymorphism in Copper(II) Decanoate through Its Phase Diagram with Decanoic Acid, and Texture of the Columnar Thermotropic Liquid Crystal Developable Domains in This and Similar Systems

“…The HC10 + Cu(C10) 2 phase diagram was solved studying more than 50 thermograms (at least two for each one of the 23 mixture, and pure components) obtained by DSC, where all the transition temperatures and enthalpies associated with all the effects were measured. Selected thermograms, previously normalized to "one mole of mixture" for comparison (see Supporting Information (SI), for details), 47 were used to build up the three-dimensional (3D) phase diagram shown in Figure 5.…”

Lithium–thallium(i) butyrates binary system: an intermediate salt and liquid crystal from non-mesogenic compounds.

“…36 This method is commonly used in the construction of a phase diagram to help find the characteristic points or invariants (isotherms), by plotting the enthalpies (per mole of mixture) versus the composition for each process (e.g., eutectic reaction). 18,25,30 Thus, the complete T vs x phase diagram is illustrated in Fig. 4.…”

“…The molar fractions were homogenized, dissolving the corresponding amounts of the pure compounds in methanol, removing it later in a rotavapor. 18,30 The estimated error in the molar fraction x was at most (¡0.002).…”

“…Some of the phase diagrams between short alkanoates with different-sized metals have shown stable mesogenicity, such as [LiCn + CsCn] 29 (where n = 2, 3 and 4), or [LiC4 + RbC4]. 30 Others have shown a stabilization of the mesophase (increasing the range of temperature and composition at which the liquid crystal phase is stable), like [LiC5 + TlC5]. 18 However, other systems does not show a liquid crystal phase for non-mesogenic pure compounds ([LiC3 + TlC3]), 18 or do not stabilize the existing one, as happens in the [LiC4 + NaC4] system, 31 either due to the short chain length or to the too small difference in the size of the cations.…”

Effect of mesogenic organic salts on vulcanization and physical properties of rubber compounds

“…As a general consideration, it must be pointed out that for the thallium(I) salts all the solid phases previous to liquid crystal phase formation are really condis phases that are conformational‐disordered phases, which means that all of the chains are already melted with many ‘gauche’ defects. In fact, this type of solid mesophase is characterized by orientational order and the presence of conformational disorders in the alkyl chains, separating the polar heads (ions, metals and organic cations) in the ionic layers, which allows ‘plastic’ deformations in this layered solid phase .…”