Rubidium marking of <i>Anopheles</i> mosquitoes detectable by field‐capable X‐ray spectrometry

Wilkins, Elien E; Smith, S. C.; Roberts, Jacqueline M.; Benedict, Mark Q.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2915.2007.00683.x

Cited by 15 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…A variety of methods have been used to mark mosquitoes, including dusts [4-9], dyes [10,11], paints [12,13], trace elements [14] and radioactive isotopes [15,16] (see reviews in [1-3]). One of the most common methods of marking mosquitoes externally is to apply micronized particles of dust (also known as powder or pigments), particularly fluorescent dust, to a large number of mosquitoes [1].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of marking methods and fluorescent dusts on Aedes aegypti survival

Dickens

Brant

2014

Parasit Vectors

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BackgroundTracking the movement of mosquitoes and understanding dispersal dynamics is essential for the control and prevention of vector-borne diseases. A variety of marking techniques have been used, including dusts and dyes.MethodsIn this study, Aedes aegypti were marked using fluorescent dusts (‘DayGlo’: A-19 Horizon Blue & A-13-N Rocket Red; ‘Brian Clegg’: pink, blue & red), fluorescent paints (‘Brian Clegg’: blue, red & yellow) and metallic gold dust (‘Brian Clegg’). Dusting methods were those previously used in mark-release-recapture experiments, including application with a bulb duster, creation of a dust storm or shaking in a bag.ResultsResults showed marking mosquitoes using a dust storm allowed relatively high survival, compared to unmarked controls (Males: χ2 = 3.24, df = 4, p = 0.07; Females: χ2 = 3.24, df = 4, p = 0.04), and high marking efficiency. Using a bulb duster showed high survival in male mosquitoes (χ2 = 12.59, df = 4, p < 0.000), but low survival in female mosquitoes during the first 15 days of the study (χ2 = 5.17, df = 4, p < 0.05). The bulb duster also had the lowest marking efficiency compared to other dry marking techniques. The bag method showed low survival in males during the first 15 days of the study (χ2 = 5.77, df = 4, p < 0.05). Applying paints had an overall negative impact on survival for males (χ2 = 5.03, df = 3, p < 0.05), but not for females (χ2 = 0.19, df = 3, p = 0.661). Males dusted with DayGlo Horizon Blue dust, and females dusted with DayGlo Rocket Red dust, had the most significant reduction in survivorship in comparison to the control (Males: χ2 = 15.70, df = 6, p < 0.000; Females: χ2 = 24.47, df = 6, p < 0.000). Mosquitoes marked with Brian Clegg gold dust showed mortality rates similar to controls within male mosquitoes (χ2 = 0.18, df = 6, p = 0.674), but significantly lower in females (χ2 = 16.59, df = 6, p < 0.000).ConclusionsThis study showed that marking technique and colour can have a significant impact on the survival and marking coverage of a mosquito.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of marking methods and fluorescent dusts on Aedes aegypti survival

Dickens

Brant

2014

Parasit Vectors

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“…Methods to mark mosquitoes have included dyes (Welch et al 2006), paints (Trpis and Hausermann 1986), dusts (Reisen et al 1992, Russell et al 2005), trace elements (Wilkins et al 2007), and radioactive isotopes (Lindquist et al 1967). Hagler and Jackson (2001) reviewed marking techniques for insects and stated that the ideal marker should persist without inhibiting normal biology, should be environmentally safe, cost-effective, and easy to use.…”

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Evaluation of a Stable Isotope Method to Mark Naturally-Breeding Larval Mosquitoes for Adult Dispersal Studies

et al. 2012

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Understanding mosquito dispersal is critically important for vector-borne disease control and prevention. Mark–release–recapture methods using various marking techniques have made substantial contributions to the study of mosquito biology. However, the ability to mark naturally breeding mosquitoes noninvasively and with life-long retention has remained problematic. Here, we describe a method to mark naturally breeding mosquitoes with stable isotopes. Culexpipiens f. molestus mosquitoes were provisioned as larvae in laboratory experiments with 15N-labeled potassium nitrate and 13C-labeled glucose. Larval enrichment was sufficient to differentiate marked adult mosquitoes from unmarked control mosquitoes and the natural source population from Chicago Illinois, using either δ15N or δ13C. Isotopic retention lasted for at least 55 d for adult male and females mosquitoes. There were no consistent effects of isotopic enrichment on immature mosquito survival or adult mosquito body size. We then applied this marking technique to naturally breeding Culex pipiens mosquitoes in suburban Chicago, IL, and for the first time, report successful isotopic enrichment of mosquitoes in the field. This stable isotope marking technique will facilitate studies of mosquito dispersal.

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“…Previous studies have demonstrated the use of Rb to mark bloodfeeding mosquitoes and to study postbloodmeal behavior for certain species (Kimsey and Kimsey 1984, Liew and Curtis 2004, Wilkins et al 2007). Marking of bloodfed phlebotomine sand ßies has been achieved in the Þeld through detection of radioactive carbon in sand ßies that had been acquired through bloodfeeding on parenterally treated gerbils (Dergacheva et al 1996).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laboratory Evaluation of Rubidium as a Long-Lasting Marker for Bloodfeeding Sand Flies (Diptera: Psychodidae)

2012

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The objective of this study was to evaluate the use of the trace element rubidium (Rb) as a long-lasting systemic biomarker for bloodfeeding females of the sand fly Phlebotomus papatasi Scopoli. Baits containing Rb chloride were found to be palatable to hamsters in this study. We were able to detect Rb using a portable X-ray fluorescence analyzer in all sand flies that fed on Rb-treated hamsters for at least 14 d postbloodmeal. We also detected Rb in sand flies that took a bloodmeal from hamsters up to 10 d after the hamsters were withdrawn from a Rb-treated diet. Results of this study constitute proof of concept for the incorporation of Rb chloride into rodent baits for marking bloodfeeding sand flies, and suggest that Rb marking could be used as a technique for evaluating rodent-targeted sand fly control methods and in ecological studies on sand flies.

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Rubidium marking of Anopheles mosquitoes detectable by field‐capable X‐ray spectrometry

Cited by 15 publications

References 8 publications

Effects of marking methods and fluorescent dusts on Aedes aegypti survival

Effects of marking methods and fluorescent dusts on Aedes aegypti survival

Evaluation of a Stable Isotope Method to Mark Naturally-Breeding Larval Mosquitoes for Adult Dispersal Studies

Laboratory Evaluation of Rubidium as a Long-Lasting Marker for Bloodfeeding Sand Flies (Diptera: Psychodidae)

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