Rudimentary hermaphroditism and automictic parthenogenesis inLimnadia lenticularis (Phyllopoda, Conchostraca)

Zaffagnini, Fulvio

doi:10.1007/bf01896572

Cited by 24 publications

(10 citation statements)

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

“…One of the species examined herein deserves special attention. Members of Limnadia lenticularis have been repeatedly described as being “all‐female” and assumed to be parthenogenetic (Zaffagnini 1969; Sassaman 1995). A few males have been found (including Pond 21 in this study; Table 1), but males are so rare that finding them in this species warranted a separate paper (Eder et al 2000).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A few males have been found (including Pond 21 in this study; Table 1), but males are so rare that finding them in this species warranted a separate paper (Eder et al 2000). Although Zaffagnini (1969) suggested that hermaphroditism in L. lenticularis was “rudimentary” and that this species was actually parthenogenetic, it is likely that he mistook a self‐fertilization event for his described “re‐fusion of a polar body.”Scanabissi & Mondini (2002) determined that “females” of L. lenticularis were actually functional hermaphrodites, and when combined with genetic evidence of self fertilization (Tinti & Scanabissi 1996), we can conclude that these clam shrimp are actually self‐fertilizing hermaphrodites. In the current study, we found 10 of 11 individuals to be self‐compatible hermaphrodites, but the 11th produced ∼30% males among its nine offspring.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Breeding systems in the clam shrimp family Limnadiidae (Branchiopoda, Spinicaudata)

Weeks

Sanderson

Zofkova

et al. 2008

Invertebrate Biology

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Abstract. Crustaceans in the class Branchiopoda exhibit a wide range of breeding systems, including dioecy (gonochorism), androdioecy, parthenogenesis, cyclic parthenogenesis, and hermaphroditism. The largest subgroup of the Branchiopods, the Diplostraca, is reported to encompass all five of these breeding systems. However, many of these reports are based primarily on simple observations of sex ratios in natural populations. Herein we report the beginnings of a more rigorous approach to breeding system determination in the Diplostraca, starting with the family Limnadiidae. We combine measurements of sex ratio, offspring rearings, and behavior to identify three breeding systems within the Limnadiidae: dioecy, androdioecy, and selfing hermaphroditism. To date, no instances of parthenogenetic reproduction have been identified in this family. Comparisons of breeding system determination via simple population sex ratios with our more controlled studies show that simple sex ratios can be useful when these sex ratios are ∼50% males (=dioecy) or 5–30% males (androdioecy). However, population sex ratios of 0–5% males or 35–45% males necessitate further investigation because estimates in these ranges cannot distinguish selfing hermaphroditism from androdioecy or androdioecy from dioecy, respectively. We conclude by noting that the genetic sex‐determining system outlined for one of these limnadiid species, Eulimnadia texana, provides a parsimonious framework to describe the evolution of the three breeding systems observed within the Limnadiidae.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Breeding systems in the clam shrimp family Limnadiidae (Branchiopoda, Spinicaudata)

Weeks

Sanderson

Zofkova

et al. 2008

Invertebrate Biology

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“…In other words, the hermaphrodites should be primarily allocating reproductive investment to egg production and only produce enough sperm to ensure fertilization of their own eggs. This prediction is upheld in Eulimnadia as well as L. lenticularis hermaphrodites: hermaphrodites allocate only a small portion of their gonads to sperm production (Zaffagnini, 1969; Zucker et al. , 1997; Scanabissi & Mondini, 2002; Weeks et al.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolutionary transitions among dioecy, androdioecy and hermaphroditism in limnadiid clam shrimp (Branchiopoda: Spinicaudata)

Weeks

Chapman

Rogers³

et al. 2009

J of Evolutionary Biology

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Examinations of breeding system transitions have primarily concentrated on the transition from hermaphroditism to dioecy, likely because of the preponderance of this transition within flowering plants. Fewer studies have considered the reverse transition: dioecy to hermaphroditism. A fruitful approach to studying this latter transition can be sought by studying clades in which transitions between dioecy and hermaphroditism have occurred multiple times. Freshwater crustaceans in the family Limnadiidae comprise dioecious, hermaphroditic and androdioecious (males + hermaphrodites) species, and thus this family represents an excellent model system for the assessment of the evolutionary transitions between these related breeding systems. Herein we report a phylogenetic assessment of breeding system transitions within the family using a total evidence comparative approach. We find that dioecy is the ancestral breeding system for the Limnadiidae and that a minimum of two independent transitions from dioecy to hermaphroditism occurred within this family, leading to (1) a Holarctic, all‐hermaphrodite species, Limnadia lenticularis and (2) mixtures of hermaphrodites and males in the genus Eulimnadia. Both hermaphroditic derivatives are essentially females with only a small amount of energy allocated to male function. Within Eulimnadia, we find several all‐hermaphrodite populations/species that have been independently derived at least twice from androdioecious progenitors within this genus. We discuss two adaptive (based on the notion of ‘reproductive assurance’) and one nonadaptive explanations for the derivation of all‐hermaphroditism from androdioecy. We propose that L. lenticularis likely represents an all‐hermaphrodite species that was derived from an androdioecious ancestor, much like the all‐hermaphrodite populations derived from androdioecy currently observed within the Eulimnadia. Finally, we note that the proposed hypotheses for the dioecy to hermaphroditism transition are unable to explain the derivation of a fully functional, outcrossing hermaphroditic species from a dioecious progenitor.

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“…Free-swimming nauplius larvae generally hatch from gamogenetic resting eggs but are also reported to emerge from parthenogenetic subitaneous eggs in some anostracans (ovoviviparity e.g. [1,4,43,44]), notostracans [1,45] and spinicaudatans [46-48]. The parthenogenetic reproduction of some Anostraca, Notostraca and Spinicaudata is considered to be an additional, secondary developmental strategy [4,41,45,49].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unraveling the origin of Cladocera by identifying heterochrony in the developmental sequences of Branchiopoda

2013

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IntroductionOne of the most interesting riddles within crustaceans is the origin of Cladocera (water fleas). Cladocerans are morphologically diverse and in terms of size and body segmentation differ considerably from other branchiopod taxa (Anostraca, Notostraca, Laevicaudata, Spinicaudata and Cyclestherida). In 1876, the famous zoologist Carl Claus proposed with regard to their origin that cladocerans might have evolved from a precociously maturing larva of a clam shrimp-like ancestor which was able to reproduce at this early stage of development. In order to shed light on this shift in organogenesis and to identify (potential) changes in the chronology of development (heterochrony), we investigated the external and internal development of the ctenopod Penilia avirostris and compared it to development in representatives of Anostraca, Notostraca, Laevicaudata, Spinicaudata and Cyclestherida. The development of the nervous system was investigated using immunohistochemical labeling and confocal microscopy. External morphological development was followed using a scanning electron microscope and confocal microscopy to detect the autofluorescence of the external cuticle.ResultsIn Anostraca, Notostraca, Laevicaudata and Spinicaudata development is indirect and a free-swimming nauplius hatches from resting eggs. In contrast, development in Cyclestherida and Cladocera, in which non-swimming embryo-like larvae hatch from subitaneous eggs (without a resting phase) is defined herein as pseudo-direct and differs considerably from that of the other groups. Both external and internal development in Anostraca, Notostraca, Laevicaudata and Spinicaudata is directed from anterior to posterior, whereas in Cyclestherida and Cladocera differentiation is more synchronous.ConclusionsIn this study, developmental sequences from representatives of all branchiopod taxa are compared and analyzed using a Parsimov event-pairing approach. The analysis reveals clear evolutionary transformations towards Cladocera and the node of Cladoceromorpha which correspond to distinct heterochronous signals and indicate that the evolution of Cladocera was a stepwise process. A switch from a strategy of indirect development to one of pseudo-direct development was followed by a shift in a number of morphological events to an earlier point in ontogenesis and simultaneously by a reduction in the number of pre-metamorphosis molts. A compression of the larval phase as well as a shortening of the juvenile phase finally leads to a precocious maturation and is considered as a gradual progenetic process.

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Rudimentary hermaphroditism and automictic parthenogenesis inLimnadia lenticularis (Phyllopoda, Conchostraca)

Cited by 24 publications

References 0 publications

Breeding systems in the clam shrimp family Limnadiidae (Branchiopoda, Spinicaudata)

Breeding systems in the clam shrimp family Limnadiidae (Branchiopoda, Spinicaudata)

Evolutionary transitions among dioecy, androdioecy and hermaphroditism in limnadiid clam shrimp (Branchiopoda: Spinicaudata)

Unraveling the origin of Cladocera by identifying heterochrony in the developmental sequences of Branchiopoda

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