Rule-Based System Architecting of Earth Observing Systems: Earth Science Decadal Survey

Selva, Daniel; Cameron, Bruce; Crawley, Edward F.

doi:10.2514/1.a32656

Cited by 33 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…The instrument in question was an international instrument, and there was a hard constraint at the time to fly that instrument in the first spacecraft, even though that was a suboptimal decision in terms of science and cost. (All this is explained in detail in (Selva, 2012), chapter 6). The framework has also been used for projects in communications satellites.…”

Section: Validationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Knowledge-based systems can be used in other aspects of the architecting process. A similar framework has been created that allows automatic enumeration of several canonical types of architectures using rule-based systems (Selva, 2012) and exploration of the resulting architecture spaces. This framework is continuously being improved with more efficient space exploration algorithms for certain classes of architectures.…”

Section: Next Stepsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These problems usually involve optimization over spaces of subsets, partitions, permutations, matchings, and more generally any kind of graph. An in-depth discussion of the classes of architecture problems that can be tackled with VASSAR is provided in (Selva, 2012) (chapter 2). Thus, VASSAR is not applicable to other types of design problems, especially those involving a large number of continuous variables, such as shape, structure, or aerodynamic optimization problems.…”

Section: Applicabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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A rule-based method for scalable and traceable evaluation of system architectures

2014

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Despite the development of a variety of decision-aid tools for assessing the value of a conceptual design, humans continue to play a dominant role in this process. Researchers have identified two major challenges to automation, namely the subjectivity of value and the existence of multiple and conflicting customer needs. A third challenge is however arising as the amount of data (e.g., expert judgment, requirements, and engineering models) required to assess value increases. This brings two challenges. First, it becomes harder to modify existing knowledge or add new knowledge into the knowledge base. Second, it becomes harder to trace the results provided by the tool back to the design variables and model parameters. Current tools lack the scalability and traceability required to tackle these knowledge-intensive design evaluation problems. This work proposes a traceable and scalable rule-based architecture evaluation tool called VASSAR that is especially tailored to tackle knowledge-intensive problems that can be formulated as configuration design problems, which is demonstrated using the conceptual design task for a laptop. The methodology has three main steps. First, facts containing the capabilities and performance of different architectures are computed using rules containing physical and logical models. Second, capabilities are compared with requirements to assess satisfaction of each requirement. Third, requirement satisfaction is aggregated to yield a manageable number of metrics. An explanation facility keeps track of the value chain all along this process. This paper describes the methodology in detail, and discusses in particular different implementations of preference functions as logical rules. A full-scale example around the design of Earth observing satellites is presented.

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Section: Validationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Next Stepsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Applicabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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A rule-based method for scalable and traceable evaluation of system architectures

2014

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“…As a result, the tool evaluated each option at the level of the system's architecture; as shown by multiple authors, this level of modeling fidelity is most useful at the very early stages of system definition, during pre-Phase A of both NASA and the DoD's acquisition timelines. [11][12][13] In this section, we review the trade space exploration tool and its specific application to environmental monitoring satellites in low-Earth orbit.…”

Section: Overview Of Trade Space Exploration Toolmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the Trade-offs of Aggregated versus Disaggregated Architectures for Environmental Monitoring in Low-Earth Orbit

Dwyer

Selva

Portillo

et al. 2014

AIAA SPACE 2014 Conference and Exposition

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Traditionally, government space agencies have developed aggregated systems that cohost multiple capabilities on shared spacecraft buses. However, in response to cost growth and schedule delays on past programs, leaders in the government space community have expressed an interest in disaggregation, or distributing their capabilities across multiple spacecraft. Since their aggregated National Polar-orbiting Operational Satellite System (NPOESS) program was cancelled in 2010, both the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and the Department of Defense (DoD) have investigated opportunities to reduce program costs through disaggregation. This paper expands their initial investigation and explores the cost impacts of aggregation and disaggregation across a large trade space of candidate architectures for environmental monitoring in low-Earth orbit. We find that on average, aggregated architectures are less costly than fully disaggregated ones but also find opportunities for cost savings by developing semiaggregated systems, or systems with one or two satellites per orbital plane. Finally, we investigate several trades that are currently under consideration by NOAA and the DoD and make recommendations for future environmental monitoring systems in low-Earth orbit.N 1994, President Bill Clinton directed the Department of Defense (DoD) and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) to combine their existing environmental satellite systems and to collaboratively develop the joint National Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite System (NPOESS). By executing the agencies' missions jointly, the NPOESS program enabled NOAA and the DoD to share the development, production, operations, and launch costs of the new system and to save the government $1.3 billion .

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“…This mapping has been chosen to be compared with existing NASA point designs. Mapping functions to a varying number of elements of form can be modeled as a set partitioning problem (Selva 2012), which is an avenue of interest for future research in this application.…”

Section: Function-form Mappingmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Delphi-Based Framework for systems architecting of in-orbit exploration infrastructure for human exploration beyond Low Earth Orbit

Aliakbargolkar

Crawley

2014

Acta Astronautica

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The current debate in the U.S. Human Spaceflight Program focuses on the development of the next generation of man-rated heavy lift launch vehicles. While launch vehicle systems are of critical importance for future exploration, a comprehensive analysis of the entire exploration infrastructure is required to avoid costly pitfalls at early stages of the design process. This paper addresses this need by presenting a Delphi-Based Systems Architecting Framework for integrated architectural analysis of future in-orbit infrastructure for human space exploration beyond Low Earth Orbit. The paper is structured in two parts.The first part consists of an expert elicitation study to identify objectives for the in-space transportation infrastructure. The study was conducted between November 2011 and January 2012 with fifteen senior experts involved with human spaceflight in the United States and Europe. The elicitation study included the formation of three expert panels representing exploration, science, and policy stakeholders to be engaged in a 3-round Delphi study. Rationale behind the Delphi approach, as translated from social science research, is discussed. A novel version of the Delphi method is presented and applied in the context of technical decision-making and systems architecting.The second part of the paper describes a tradespace exploration study of in-orbit infrastructure coupled with requirements definition analysis informed by expert elicitation. Requirements and stakeholder goal uncertainties are explicitly considered in the analysis. The final result is an integrated view of perceived stakeholder needs within the human spaceflight community. Needs are translated into requirements and coupled to system architectures of interest for further analysis. Results include a correlation analysis between exploration, science, and policy goals. Pareto analysis is used to identify architectures of interest for further consideration by decision-makers.The paper closes with a summary of insights and develops a strategy for evolutionary development of the exploration infrastructure of the incoming decades.

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Rule-Based System Architecting of Earth Observing Systems: Earth Science Decadal Survey

Cited by 33 publications

References 52 publications

A rule-based method for scalable and traceable evaluation of system architectures

A rule-based method for scalable and traceable evaluation of system architectures

Exploring the Trade-offs of Aggregated versus Disaggregated Architectures for Environmental Monitoring in Low-Earth Orbit

A Delphi-Based Framework for systems architecting of in-orbit exploration infrastructure for human exploration beyond Low Earth Orbit

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