Rules of a Task

Gozli, Davood

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-20422-8_4

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Importantly, most of the rule-followers always followed the rules regardless of the consequences (78.6%). Results were stable when using other cut-offs (0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 55%) 1 . As assessed via manipulation checks, all participants reported that they recognised and remembered the rule in the "rule" part of the task, as well as had no previous experience with similar tasks.…”

Section: Classification Of Rule-breakers Versus Rule-followersmentioning

confidence: 85%

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Taking the chance!–Interindividual differences in rule-breaking

Cubillos-Pinilla

Emmerling²

2022

PLoS ONE

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While some individuals tend to follow norms, others, in the face of tempting but forbidden options, tend to commit rule-breaking when this action is beneficial for themselves. Previous studies have neglected such interindividual differences in rule-breaking. The present study fills this gap by investigating cognitive characteristics of individuals who commit spontaneous deliberative rule-breaking (rule-breakers) versus rule-followers. We developed a computerised task, in which 133 participants were incentivised to sometimes violate set rules which would–if followed–lead to a loss. While 52% of participants tended to break rules to obtain a benefit, 48% tended to follow rules even if this behaviour led to loss. Although rule-breakers experienced significantly more cognitive conflict (measured via response times and mouse movement trajectories) than rule-followers, they also obtained higher payoffs. In rule-breakers, cognitive conflict was more pronounced when violating the rules than when following them, and mainly during action planning. This conflict increased with frequent, recurrent, and early rule-breaking. Our results were in line with the Decision-Implementation-Mandatory switch-Inhibition model and thus extend the application of this model to the interindividual differences in rule-breaking. Furthermore, personality traits such as extroversion, disagreeableness, risk propensity, high impulsiveness seem to play a role in the appreciation of behaviours and cognitive characteristics of rule-followers and rule-breakers. This study opens the path towards the understanding of the cognitive characteristics of the interindividual differences in responses towards rules, and especially in spontaneous deliberative rule-breaking.

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Section: Classification Of Rule-breakers Versus Rule-followersmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…Humans tend to follow norms because this action is reinforced by peers, superiors, and society [1][2][3][4][5][6]. Even seemingly simple behaviours such as verbal communication are grounded in surprisingly complex rules with respect to grammar and pragmatics [7,8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%