Rules Versus Discretion: The Productivity Consequences of Flexible Regulation.

Sustainable Development and Corporate Performance: A Study Based on the Dow Jones Sustainability Index

“…If this occurs, it would be due to cost savings, since we believe the time frame is insufficient to produce competitive advantages that affect sales. This could mean that firms are able to create more value from fewer resources (Hedstrom et al, 1998;Majumdar and Marcus, 2001). However, the differences between the two groups of firms in the sample may be negative.…”

The Interactive Effect of Internal and External Factors on a Proactive Environmental Strategy and its Influence on a Firm's Performance

“…First, a PES shares a fundamental proposition with the NRBV in that ''to the extent [that] these practices are tacit, casually ambiguous, firm specific, socially complex, path dependent, and value adding for consumers, they may provide advantage'' (Aragon-Correa and Sharma, 2003, p. 74). In fact, the adoption of a PES results in a substantial competitive advantage due to (process-driven) cost advantages (Aragon-Correa and Sharma, 2003;Hart, 1995;Hart and Ahuja, 1996;Klassen and Whybark, 1999;Majumdar and Marcus, 2001) and (product-driven) differentiation advantages (Hart, 1995). A long-term, sustainable advantage lies in the resource configurations that managers build using a PES (Aragon-Correa and Sharma, 2003;Christmann, 2000).…”

“…For example, Majumdar and Marcus (2001) showed that when managers achieve a balance between their discretion and governmental regulatory policies, they may enjoy entrepreneurship, be creative, conduct R & D, and even develop new technologies, all of which are important resources for the development of a PES.…”

“…For example, Majumdar and Marcus (2001) showed that when managers create a balance between regulatory policies and their discretion, they can enjoy entrepreneurship, creativity, and risk taking; conduct R&D; and even develop new technologies, which are all important resources for a PES. Sharma (2000) found that the managerial interpretation of the environment either as an opportunity or a threat influences the extent to which a PES is deployed.…”

Environmental Management, Strategic Practices and Praxis: A Study in Santa Catarina Industrial Companies

“…On the other hand, the literature and practice show that there are significant differences in the levels of restriction of environmental norms and in the ability to implement, monitor and comply with them in developed and developing countries (Majumdar & Marcus, 2001;Nehrt, 1998) and in emerging economies (Child & Tsai, 2005;Hettige, Hug, Pargal, & Wheeler, 1996).…”