Rumen Ciliate Faunae of Water Buffalo(Bubalus bubalis) and Goat(Capra hircus) in Nepal.

Abstract

ABSTRACT. Rumen ciliate composition of river-type water buffalo and goat in Nepal was surveyed. As the result of survey, 13 genera representing 52 species and 20 formae of the ciliates were identified. Of them 13 genera with 44 species and 9 formae were found from the water buffalo and 8 genera with 21 species and 12 formae from the goat. The present paper shows the first report of Hsiungella triciliata, Entodinium brevispinum, E. convexum, E. javanicum, E. rectangulatum It is well known that many ciliates inhabit the rumen of various ruminants, and the ciliate faunae are different among the species and/or keeping area of the host animals [25,32]. Since these differences have been considered to be closely related to the phylogeny of these ciliates and their hosts [6,13], the investigations on the rumen ciliate faunae of unexamined ruminants and comparison of the results with already known those seem to offer useful information for more detailed discussion on the phylogenetic relation among the rumen ciliates. The present report deals with the ciliate faunae of water buffalo and goat in Nepal, in which rumen ciliate faunae have never been reported.Rumen contents examined were collected from 3 adult water buffaloes and 10 adult goats slaughtered in Chitwan, Nepal. Additional contents of one young water buffalo were obtained through a rumen catheter. The water buffaloes had been fed on mainly rice straw, wild grass and a little amount of concentrate, while the goats had eaten scraps of vegetable, wild grass, rice straw and twigs of tree. The contents collected were immediately fixed with twice volume of methylgreen formalin saline (MFS) solution [25], sealed up, and brought to the laboratory. Then, the samples were added further 3 times volume of MFS solution and examined under a light-microscope. Identification of species was mainly in accordance with the descriptions published by Ogimoto and Imai [25] and Dogiel [6]. The names of genera under Diplodiniinae were according to those proposed by Imai [13], in which Eremoplastron and Diploplastron are admitted to Eudiplodinium and Metadinium, respectively. A plankton counter glassslide (Rigosha, Tokyo) was used to count the ciliates [25]. The generic composition was shown as the percentage of each genus occupying in the 600 ciliates. Table 1 shows genera, species and their frequency of appearance of the ciliates found from the water buffaloes and goats in Nepal. Those were 13 genera representing 52 species and 20 formae, of which 13 genera representing 44 species with 11 formae from the water buffalo and 8 genera representing 21 species with 14 formae from the goat. Of those ciliates, Charonina ventriculi, Isotricha intestinalis, Parentodinium africanum, Entodinium exiguum, E. simplex, E. convexum, E. rectangulatum forma rectangulatum and Metadinium medium were the most predominant and detected from all the water buffaloes examined.Water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) is divided into two, swamp-and river-types, based on skin color, shape of horn and body, and number of c...

Rumen ciliate biota of water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis Linnaeus, 1758) in Kastamonu, Turkey

“…Except for the absence of one morphotype (D. anisacanthum m. tetracanthum), all other morphotypes were reported from Indonesia (Imai, 1985). Similarly, except for D. anisacanthum m. anisacanthum, all other morphotypes were observed in Nepal (Gurung et al, 2002). However, this species was not reported in the Philippines (Shimuzu et al, 1983), and only one to three of its morphotypes were reported from buffaloes in Japan (Imai et al, 1981b), Egypt (Selim et al, 1996;Baraka, 2012), India (Banerjee, 1955), the Caucasus (Dogiel, 1928), and Thailand (Imai and Ogimoto, 1984).…”

“…; Shimizu et al, 1983), Japan (37 × 10 4 cells mL -1 ; Imai et al, 1981b) Gurung et al, 2002). On the other hand, the concentration was less than that of water buffaloes in Egypt (84 × 10 4 cells mL -1…”

“…The average ciliate density in rumen contents of Anatolian water buffaloes from Kastamonu, Turkey, was at 70.5 (±62.3) × 10 4 cells mL -1 , which is considerably higher than that of water buffaloes in the Philippines (4.7 × 10 4 cells mL -1 ; Shimizu et al, 1983), Japan (37 × 10 4 cells mL -1 ; Imai et al, 1981b), Indonesia (1.3 × 10 4 cells mL -1 ; Imai, 1985), Thailand (0.74 × 10 4 cells mL -1 ; Imai and Ogimoto, 1984), Taiwan (8.9 × 10 4 cells mL -1 ; Imai et al, 1981a), Egypt (15.9 × 10 4 cells mL -1 ; Baraka, 2011; 6.7 × 10 4 cells mL -1 ; Baraka, 2012), and Nepal (12.6 × 10 4 cells mL -1 ; Gurung et al, 2002). On the other hand, the concentration was less than that of water buffaloes in Egypt (84 × 10 4 cells mL -1 ; Selim et al, 1996).…”

“…Distribution of buffalo rumen ciliate species in various locations around the world [(1)Shimuzu et al, 1983; (2)Dehority, 1979; (3)Imai, 1985; (4)Baraka, 2011Baraka, , 2012 (5)Dogiel, 1928; (6) Banerjee, 1955; (7) Imai et al, 1981a; (8) Imai and Ogimoto, 1984; (9) Imai et al, 1981a; (10) Gurung et al, 2002; (11) present study].…”

“…Entodinium quadricuspis was first observed in water buffaloes in Taiwan by Imai et al (1981a). Entodinium bursa was reported from water buffaloes in Turkey, after first being reported in Nepal by Gurung et al (2002) ( Tables 2 and 3).…”