Rumen degradation in sheep, goats and cattle and voluntary intake by sheep of four browse species

The nutritive value of residue (palm calyx leaves (PCL)) and by‐products (palm press fiber (PPF) and palm oil sludge (POS)) of palm fruit processing were studied through analysis of their chemical components and degradability of their dry matter (DM) in the rumen of steers. Chemical analysis showed that the materials have similar organic matter components (mean = 95.2%), while crude protein (CP, g/100 g) and metabolisable energy (ME, MJ/kg DM) were highest in POS (10.02 and 9.43), followed by PPF (7.02 and 8.61) and least in PCL (5.42 and 8.04). An opposite trend of CP and ME was noticed in NDF and ADF contents, being 61.53 and 49.11% in PCL, 44.84 and 32.08% in PPF and 25.35 and 20.29% in POS. Mineral contents showed that PPF and POS had the lowest and highest concentration, respectively, of Mg (0.07 vs. 0.11%), Cu (58.5 vs. 143.9 mg/kg) and Fe (1374.5 vs. 4086.0 mg/kg). Dry matter degradation characteristics and effective degradability varied significantly (P < 0.05) and were consistently highest in POS and least in PCL. Results have generally shown that the residue and by‐products could be ranked for their potential feeding value as POS > PPF > PCL. It is concluded that POS and PPF can be harnessed directly as feed resources for ruminant animals, while PCL will require some treatments to enhance its nutritive value in ruminants.

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“…The a fraction of POS, PPF and PCL was in conformity with values of 16.3–33.7% reported for four browse species by Smith et al . (1995).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…The a fraction of POS, PPF and PCL was in conformity with values of 16.3-33.7% reported for four browse species by Smith et al (1995). With the exception of PCL, the proportion of b (10.8-37.3%) and PD (25.6-51.4%) fractions reported in the four browse species were, however, inferior to values we have obtained for POS and PPF in this study.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Chemical composition and in sacco dry matter degradability of residue and by‐products of palm fruit processing in the rumen of steers

Bamikole

Babayemi

2008

Animal Science Journal

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“…Forty-eight-hour DM degradation value for TMS 30572 in this study was as good as or better than value reported for some species of Ficus plant (Bamikole et al 2004) and Erythrina brucei (Larbi et al 1996). The a fractions of TMS 30555, Idileruwa and TMS 30572 fell within the range of 16.3-33.7% reported for four browse species (Smith et al 1995). With the exception of Idileruwa, the proportion of b (10.8-37.3%) and a+b (25.6-51.4%) fractions reported in the four browse species were, however, inferior to values obtained for MS 6, TMS 30555 and TMS 30572.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 57%

Chemical composition and in sacco degradability of four varieties of cassava leaves grown in Southwestern Nigeria in the rumen of sheep

Oni

Onwuka

Arigbede

et al. 2010

Trop Anim Health Prod

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The nutritive value of leaves of four varieties of cassava (MS 6, TMS 30555, Idileruwa and TMS 30572) were studied through analysis of their chemical components and degradability of their dry matter (DM) and crude protein (CP) in the rumen of sheep. Results of the chemical analyses showed that the leaves of the four varieties contained different proportions of organic matter which was significantly (P < 0.05) highest in TMS 30572 with value of 935 g/kg DM, while CP (gram per kilogramme DM) was significantly highest in TMS 30555 (240), followed by MS 6 (235), TMS 30572 (208) and least in Idileruwa (177). Mean metabolisable energy (megajoules per kilogramme DM) was significantly (P < 0.05) highest in TMS 30572 (8.2) and similar with Idileruwa (8.0) but different from TMS 30555 and MS 6, respectively (7.8 and 7.6). The mineral contents (gram per kilogramme DM) showed that leaves of MS 6 and Idileruwa had the highest concentrations of K (2.86) and a significantly lowest value (1.83) in TMS 30555. Also, the highest concentration of Ca and Fe (6.81 and 6.23) was recorded in MS 6. The highest Ca:P of 3.20 was obtained in TMS 30555. DM degradation characteristics and effective degradability varied significantly (P < 0.05) and were consistently highest in TMS 30572. The washing loss (a) ranged from 15.9% in MS 6 to 21.3% in TMS 30572. TMS 30572 tended to have higher (P = 0.546) insoluble but fermentable fraction (b) than all other varieties. Moreover, the potential degradability (a + b) tended to be higher (P = 0.041) in TMS 30572 (69.5%) followed by TMS 30555 (67.1%) and the lowest was in Idileruwa (42.7%). The highest effective degradability was recorded in TMS 30572 (63.9%) and the lowest in Idileruwa (40.7%). The degradation rate constants (c) of Idileruwa was significantly higher (P = 0.001) than those of MS6, TMS 30555 and TMS 30572. The results generally indicated that the leaves could be ranked for their potential feeding value as TMS 30572 (71.5%) > MS6 (65.8%) > Idileruwa (63.0%) > TMS 30555 (50.4%). It is therefore concluded from this study that leaves of TMS 30572 and MS 6 have good potential as feed resources for ruminant animals and could be used in ruminant feeding as protein source ingredient.

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“…Rumen degradability studies in Nigeria have mostly been on browse plants and information on degradability of Nigerian grasses is virtually non‐existent. The a and b fractions obtained with the VS and GSM forages were similar to those reported for Ficus capensis in Nigeria (Smith et al. , 1995).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Effect of six‐weekly harvests on the yield, chemical composition and dry matter degradability of Panicum maximum and Stylosanthes hamata in Nigeria

Bamikole

Akinsoyinu

Ezenwa

et al. 2004

Grass and Forage Science

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The dry matter (DM) yield and degradability of 6‐week‐old harvests of tropical forages were measured over a season. The forages were nitrogen‐fertilized Guinea grass (Panicum maximum, NFG), unfertilized Guinea grass (UFG), Verano stylo (Stylosanthes hamata,VS), a Guinea grass–Verano stylo mixture (GSM) and Guinea grass in the grass–Verano stylo mixture (GGSM). Six‐week‐old forages were made possible through a cutting regime, which produced four harvests in the growing season. The DM yields of the forages differed significantly (P < 0·001) and showed a significant reduction (P < 0·01) across the season. Crude protein and neutral‐detergent fibre concentrations were significantly (P < 0·01) different between the forages but there was no difference between harvests. The DM degradability of the forages at all harvests were significantly (P < 0·001) different with differences in the soluble fraction (a), degradable fraction (b), potential degradability (PD) and effective degradability (ED), but rate of degradability (c) did not show any significant difference between the forages. Significant (P < 0·01) differences were found between harvests for b and PD, and for the interaction between forage and harvest for b, PD and ED but were not found for the a and c fractions. Both the PD and ED values of all the forages fell with advancing harvests. Although the 6‐week‐old harvests of forage were found not to influence the characteristic reduction in yield of tropical grasses over time, it is concluded that such a management system could be used to obtain forage of relatively high nutritive value during the growing season.

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Rumen degradation in sheep, goats and cattle and voluntary intake by sheep of four browse species

Cited by 8 publications

References 13 publications

Chemical composition and in sacco dry matter degradability of residue and by‐products of palm fruit processing in the rumen of steers

Chemical composition and in sacco dry matter degradability of residue and by‐products of palm fruit processing in the rumen of steers

Chemical composition and in sacco degradability of four varieties of cassava leaves grown in Southwestern Nigeria in the rumen of sheep

Effect of six‐weekly harvests on the yield, chemical composition and dry matter degradability of Panicum maximum and Stylosanthes hamata in Nigeria

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