Rumen digestion and urinary excretion of purine derivatives in response to urea supplementation of sodium-treated straw fed to sheep

Balcells, J.; Guada, J.A.; Castríllo, C.; Gasa, J.

doi:10.1079/bjn19930073

Cited by 61 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…3 confirms the linear relationship between DOMI and the urinary excretion of PD and the slope (11·1 mmol/kg DOMI) represents the efficiency coefficient for net microbial synthesis. The reported value for the camels in the present study was close to that reported for goats (12·6) by Laurent et al (1983) but lower than values reported for sheep (18·9 -22·3; Antoniewicz & Pisulewski, 1982;Balcells et al 1993). The PD:DOMI ratio was not constant across experimental treatments and, notably, the highest value was obtained at the lowest level of food intake.…”

supporting

confidence: 57%

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Urinary excretion of purine derivatives as an index of microbial protein synthesis in the camel (Camelus dromedarius)

Guerouali

Gass

Balcells³

et al. 2004

Br J Nutr

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Five experiments were carried out to extend knowledge of purine metabolism in the camel (Camelus dromedarius) and to establish a model to enable microbial protein outflow from the forestomachs to be estimated from the urinary excretion of purine derivatives (PD; i.e. xanthine, hypoxanthine, uric acid, allantoin). In experiment 1, four camels were fasted for five consecutive days to enable endogenous PD excretion in urine to be determined. Total PD excretion decreased during the fasting period to 267 (SE 41·5) mmol/kg body weight (W) 0·75 per d. Allantoin and xanthine þ hypoxanthine were consistently 86 and 6·1 % of total urinary PD during this period but uric acid increased from 3·6 % to 7·4 %. Xanthine oxidase activity in tissues (experiment 2) was (mmol/min per g fresh tissue) 0·038 in liver and 0·005 in gut mucosa but was not detected in plasma. In experiment 3, the duodenal supply of yeast containing exogenous purines produced a linear increase in urinary PD excretion rate with the slope indicating that 0·63 was excreted in urine. After taking account of endogenous PD excretion, the relationship can be used to predict purine outflow from the rumen. From the latter prediction, and also the purine:protein ratio in bacteria determined in experiment 5, we predicted the net microbial outflow from the rumen. In experiment 4, with increasing food intake, the rate of PD excretion in the urine increased linearly by about 11·1 mmol PD/kg digestible organic matter intake (DOMI), equivalent to 95 g microbial protein/kg DOMI. Purine derivatives: Xanthine oxidase: Microbial protein: CamelsThe urinary excretion of purine derivatives (PD; i.e. allantoin, uric acid, hypoxanthine and xanthine) is proportional to the flow of purines into the small intestine. The relationship has been used as a predictor of microbial outflow from the rumen of sheep Balcells et al. 1992), cattle (Verbic et al. 1990;Orellana Boero et al. 2001), goats (Belenguer et al. 2002) and zebu cattle (Bos indicus; Pimpa et al. 2001). This technique has potential for use in other ruminant species of economic significance, provided prediction equations are defined to take account of differences in purine metabolism among species and even among breeds of the same species. For the camel (Camelus dromedarius) there is only limited information on purine metabolism (for example, Mura et al. 1986).The present study was designed to extend our understanding of purine metabolism in the camel and to establish a model for use in estimating net microbial protein outflow from the rumen of the camel. Five experiments were carried out. In experiment 1, endogenous urinary PD excretion was determined in fasting camels. In experiment 2, the activity in different tissues of xanthine oxidase (XO), a key enzyme of purine base (PB) metabolism, was determined. In experiment 3, a relationship was established between the duodenal infusion of exogenous purines and the excretion of PD in urine. In experiment 4 a relationship between food intake and the urinary excretion of PD was dete...

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supporting

confidence: 57%

“…Positive linear relationships between intakes of digestible DM and urinary PD excretion (Vercoe, 1976) or digestible organic matter and urinary PD excretion or net microbial production have been described for the sheep (Laurent et al 1983;Han et al 1992;Balcells et al 1993), the goat (Lindberg, 1985) and for cattle (Liang et al 1994). Fig.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Urinary excretion of purine derivatives as an index of microbial protein synthesis in the camel (Camelus dromedarius)

Guerouali

Gass

Balcells³

et al. 2004

Br J Nutr

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“…Based on the results of Kang-Meznarich and Broderick (1981) and Balcells et al (1993), it is possible that the ruminal ammonia N concentration required to maximize ruminal digestibility of OM in this experiment was lower than that of the lowest ruminal ammonia N concentration observed (9.0 mg/dL; Table 4). Similar to this finding, Reynal and Broderick (2005) also did not observe an increase in ruminal digestibility of OM with increasing ruminal ammonia N concentrations.…”

Section: Ruminal Digestibilitymentioning

confidence: 82%

“…Ruminal ammonia N concentrations were 1.3, 3.3, 8.5, 13.8, 22.8, and 28.9 mg/dL, and the respective ruminal DM digestibility values were 61, 69, 65, 69, 67, and 68% (Kang-Meznarich and Broderick, 1981). Similarly, Balcells et al (1993) observed little benefit on ruminal digestibility of OM when mean ruminal ammonia N concentrations were increased via continuous ruminal infusions of urea above 4.0 mg/dL in ewes fed a pelleted NaOH-treated barley straw diet once daily. The OM digestibility coefficients were 38, 43, 44, 45, and 45 at ruminal ammonia N concentrations of 0.5, 2.5, 4.0, 6.8, and 10.6 mg/dL.…”

Section: Ruminal Digestibilitymentioning

confidence: 94%

Effect of Incremental Urea Supplementation of a Conventional Corn Silage-Based Diet on Ruminal Ammonia Concentration and Synthesis of Microbial Protein

Boucher

Ordway²,

Whitehouse

et al. 2007

Journal of Dairy Science

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One primiparous and 3 multiparous lactating Holstein cows fitted with ruminal and duodenal cannulas were used in a 4 × 4 Latin square design to determine the efficacy of adding urea to a corn silage-based diet on ruminal fermentation and microbial protein synthesis. Dietary treatments were 0, 0.3, 0.6, and 0.9% urea in diet dry matter (DM); urea was manually top dressed and incorporated into the ration. The basal diet contained (DM basis) 52% forage (with 61% of forage provided as corn silage) and 48% concentrate ingredients. The basal diet was formulated to meet National Research Council (NRC, 2001) requirements for energy and all nutrients except rumen-degradable protein (RDP) and metabolizable protein. Experimental periods lasted 14 d with the first 9 d for adaptation. The basal diet, without urea addition, contained 9.2% RDP in DM and had a predicted RDP balance of −167 g/d (NRC, 2001). There were no effects of dietary treatment on ruminal true digestibility of organic matter or ruminal apparent digestibility of neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber. Total ruminal volatile fatty acid concentrations increased linearly with increasing urea level. Feeding increasing amounts of urea quadratically increased rumen ammonia N concentrations (9.0, 11.9, 12.8, and 17.4 mg/dL at 0, 0.3, 0.6, and 0.9% urea supplementation, respectively), passage of microbial N, and microbial N in duodenal digesta as a percentage of nonammonia N. The results of this study indicate that there were some positive effects of adding urea to the described lactating dairy cow diet, and that microbial protein synthesis was maximized at an average Received January 8, 2007. Accepted August 10, 2007 This is Scientific Contribution Number 2321 from the New Hampshire Agricultural Experiment Station. 2Corresponding author: charles.schwab@unh.edu 5619 ruminal ammonia N concentration of 12.8 mg/dL when urea was added at 0.6% in diet DM.

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“…Brown & Adjei (2001), avaliando a suplementação nitrogenada com uréia e/ou farinha de pena para novilhos em pastejo, verificaram que a concentração plasmática de N-uréico, no terceiro ano do estudo, foi superior para os novilhos suplementados com uréia (14,3 mg/dL) que para os não-suplementados (6,6 mg/dL).…”

Section: Resultsunclassified

Níveis de uréia na ração de novilhos de quatro grupos genéticos: parâmetros ruminais, uréia plasmática e excreções de uréia e creatinina

Rennó¹,

Filho²,

Paulino³

et al. 2008

R. Bras. Zootec.

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RESUMO -Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito de quatro níveis de uréia na ração (0; 0,65; 1,3 e 1,95% na matéria seca -MS)sobre pH e amônia ruminais, concentração plasmática de uréia, excreção fracional de uréia e excreções de uréia e creatinina, bem como avaliar as perdas urinárias endógenas por meio da excreção de creatinina em novilhos de quatro grupos genéticos (Holandês, ½ sangue Holandês-Guzerá, ½ sangue Holandês-Gir e Zebu). Os animais foram distribuídos em quatro quadrados latinos (grupos genéticos) 4 × 4, sendo quatro animais, quatro períodos experimentais de 14 dias cada um e quatro tratamentos (rações). As coletas de líquido ruminal, para determinação do pH e das concentrações de nitrogênio amoniacal (N-NH 3 ), foram realizadas antes do fornecimento da dieta e 2, 4, 6 e 8 horas após. Durante a coleta de urina realizada em 24 horas, foi coletado o sangue aproximadamente 4 horas após a alimentação e, após centrifugação, obtido o plasma. Nas amostras de urina e plasma, foram determinadas as concentrações de uréia e creatinina. O pH ruminal apresentou comportamento semelhante para os grupos genéticos e foi influenciado positivamente pela inclusão de uréia na dieta. As concentrações de N-NH 3 foram influenciadas positivamente pelos níveis de uréia na ração para os animais holandeses e mestiços. A concentração plasmática de N-uréico aumentou linearmente em função da adição de uréia na ração. A excreção fracional de uréia apresentou comportamento linear decrescente em função dos níveis de uréia na dieta. A excreção urinária de uréia não diferiu entre os animais holandeses e mestiços, mas foi superior em relação aos zebuínos. A excreção de creatinina não foi influenciada pelos grupos genéticos, nem pela inclusão de uréia na dieta, apresentando valor médio de 27,76 mg/kg PV. Sugere-se que as perdas urinárias endógenas de compostos nitrogenados sejam estimadas a partir da excreção de creatinina.Palavras-chave: amônia ruminal, creatinina, novilhos, pH ruminal, uréia Urea levels in diet for steers of four genetic groups: ruminal parameters, plasma urea, urea and creatinine excretions ABSTRACT -This work was carried out to evaluate the effect of four dietary urea levels (0, 0.65, 1.3, and 1.95% in dry matter -DM) on ruminal pH and ammonia-N, plasmatic urea nitrogen, urea fractional excretion, creatinine and urea excretions, as well as to evaluate endogenous urinary losses, by means of creatinine excretion, in steers of four genetic groups (Holstein, ½ Holstein-Guzera, ½ Holstein-Gir and Zebu). Animals were assigned to four 4 × 4 latin squares (genetic groups), with four animals, four experimental periods of 14 days each one and four treatments (rations). The ruminal fluid collections to determine pH and ammonia nitrogen (N-NH 3 ) concentrations was performed before feeding and 2, 4, 6 and 8 hours post feeding. During the 24-h urine collection, 4 hours after feeding, blood was collected and, after centrifugation, plasma was obtained. In the urine and plasma samples, the urea and creatinine concentrations were determined. ...

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Rumen digestion and urinary excretion of purine derivatives in response to urea supplementation of sodium-treated straw fed to sheep

Cited by 61 publications

References 38 publications

Urinary excretion of purine derivatives as an index of microbial protein synthesis in the camel (Camelus dromedarius)

Urinary excretion of purine derivatives as an index of microbial protein synthesis in the camel (Camelus dromedarius)

Effect of Incremental Urea Supplementation of a Conventional Corn Silage-Based Diet on Ruminal Ammonia Concentration and Synthesis of Microbial Protein

Níveis de uréia na ração de novilhos de quatro grupos genéticos: parâmetros ruminais, uréia plasmática e excreções de uréia e creatinina

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