Rumen passage kinetics of forage- and concentrate-derived fiber in dairy cows

Krämer, M.; Lund, Peter; Weisbjerg, M.R.

doi:10.3168/jds.2012-6146

Cited by 27 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…This tends to show that palm oil sludge is capable of suppressing methane production in vitro. Kramer et al (2013) reported that numerically longer retention time of grass silage-based rations (46.9 ± 5.68 h) compared with corn silage-based rations (36.9 ± 4.28 h) was in accordance with Lund (2002). The lag phase of 16 days implies that the inhibitory effect of the treatments might also be high if applied in vivo.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 75%

The efficacy of palm oil sludge in reducing ruminal methanogenesis using rumen simulation technique

Ugwuowo¹,

Ezekwe²,

Ani³

et al. 2015

Afr. J. Biotechnol.

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The effect of including palm oil sludge in cattle diet (silage) was conducted in vitro in order to ascertain the suppressing effect on ruminal methanogenesis. The silage used for the study was Panicum maximum, Centrocema pubscens, Bracharia decumbens and Andropogon gayanus. The silage were cut into an average size of 3 to 5 cm and ensiled for 21 days. Four treatment diets were formulated with the silage by including palm oil sludge at 0, 10, 20 and 30%, respectively. Treatments were subjected to anaerobic digestion in 10 L bio-digesters. Total gas production, percentage methane production, volatile fatty acids and microbial population of the substrate were measured. Total gas production was significantly suppressed in the treatment having 30% palm oil sludge for about 25 days while a lag phase of 16 days was observed before a significant amount of methane was detected. Acetic acid production increased only in T1 on the first week while T2, T3 and T4 decreased after which their production remained irregular until the end of the experiment. Propionic acid production also increased in T1 and T4 on the first week while T2 and T3 decreased after which their production maintained an undefined pattern as the experiment progressed. Butyric acid production increased in T1, T2, and T4 on the first week while T2 decreased after which an undefined trend of production was established. Microbial population especially methanogens also reached its peak around the same period when there was maximum gas production. It was concluded that ruminal methanogenesis can be suppressed invitro by the inclusion of 30% palm oil sludge in the silage.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 75%

The efficacy of palm oil sludge in reducing ruminal methanogenesis using rumen simulation technique

Ugwuowo¹,

Ezekwe²,

Ani³

et al. 2015

Afr. J. Biotechnol.

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“…The period over which feces were collected may explain these low rates of particle recovery. Similar to other studies using plastic particles (King and Moore, 1957;Kaske et al, 1992) or concentrates with lactating cows (Mambrini and Peyraud, 1997;Zebeli et al, 2007;Krämer et al, 2013), our collection period lasted 106 h; however, a longer collection period might have increased the particle recovery rate. The longer periods reported in the literature (mean 8.3 d;Welch and Smith, 1978;Welch, 1982;DesBordes and Welch, 1984;Ehle and Stern, 1986;Murphy et al, 1989;Kaske and Engelhardt, 1990;Prigge et al, 1990;Clauss et al, 2011) did not facilitate complete recovery of particles of low or high density.…”

Section: Fecal Recovery Of Plastic Particles and Reliability Of The Msupporting

confidence: 60%

Influence of particle size and density on mean retention time in the rumen of dairy cows

Dufreneix

Faverdin

Peyraud

2019

Journal of Dairy Science

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Increasing rumen-undegraded protein is one challenge of ruminant nutrition to both meet protein requirements of animals and reduce nitrogen excretion in the environment by increasing nitrogen efficiency. Industrial processes using heat or tanning to reduce rumen protein degradation have certain limitations, such as difficulty in balancing low ruminal degradation and high intestinal digestibility. Reducing the mean retention time (MRT) in the rumen by varying the size and density of particles may be another promising way to increase the rumen-undegraded protein proportion of concentrate feeds and improve the effectiveness of industrial processes. Spherical plastic particles of 3 mean diameter sizes (1, 2, and 3 mm) and 4 densities (0.9, 1.1, 1.3, and 1.5) were used to study the combined effect of size and density on the MRT of particles without interactions with microbial fermentations. Dynamics of fecal excretion of particles were monitored over 106 h (17 sampling times) in a Latin square experiment with 4 lactating cows. Cumulative particle excretion curves were fitted to a double exponential model to calculate total MRT in the digestive tract (TMRT), MRT in 2 compartments (MRT1 and MRT2), and retention time in the intestines' tubular section (TT). Differences in density had a quadratic effect, with densities of 1.1 and 1.3 yielding lower TMRT (29.5 and 31.2 h, respectively) than the densities of 0.9 and 1.5 (TMRT = 64.0 and 51.2 h, respectively). Similar responses were observed for MRT1, which was assumed to be the ruminal MRT for densities 1.1 and 1.3 (8.9 and 10.5 h, respectively) compared with densities 0.9 and 1.5 (39.6 and 22.6 h, respectively). Differences in diameter had a linear effect on TMRT (12.9 h longer for 3 mm than for 1 mm) and on TT. A combined effect of size and density was observed and particle size had no effect on TMRT when density was 1.1 to 1.3; however, outside this range, an increase in particle diameter increased TMRT. Consequently, a density of 1.2 to 1.3 is optimal for the escape of particles. As smaller particles of concentrates lose functional specific gravity more rapidly than larger particles due to their higher fermentation rate, our results, obtained with plastic particles, suggest that a diameter slightly greater than 3 mm seems a compromise to delay the start of fermentation and allow for rapid passage through the reticulo-omasal orifice.

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“…MRT DNDF , dietary maize proportion and rumen NDF digestibility) are interdependent as maize silage NDF usually has a lower rumen digestibility than grass silage NDF (Jensen et al, 2005;Brask et al, 2013a) and a different rumen MRT DNDF (Krämer et al, 2013). Furthermore, maize silage is rich in starch, whereas grass silage contains the more methanogenic CHO fibre and sugars.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methane production and diurnal variation measured in dairy cows and predicted from fermentation pattern and nutrient or carbon flow

Brask

Weisbjerg

Hellwing

et al. 2015

Animal

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Many feeding trials have been conducted to quantify enteric methane (CH 4 ) production in ruminants. Although a relationship between diet composition, rumen fermentation and CH 4 production is generally accepted, the efforts to quantify this relationship within the same experiment remain scarce. In the present study, a data set was compiled from the results of three intensive respiration chamber trials with lactating rumen and intestinal fistulated Holstein cows, including measurements of rumen and intestinal digestion, rumen fermentation parameters and CH 4 production. Two approaches were used to calculate CH 4 from observations: (1) a rumen organic matter (OM) balance was derived from OM intake and duodenal organic matter flow (DOM) distinguishing various nutrients and (2) a rumen carbon balance was derived from carbon intake and duodenal carbon flow (DCARB). Duodenal flow was corrected for endogenous matter, and contribution of fermentation in the large intestine was accounted for. Hydrogen (H 2 ) arising from fermentation was calculated using the fermentation pattern measured in rumen fluid. CH 4 was calculated from H 2 production corrected for H 2 use with biohydrogenation of fatty acids. The DOM model overestimated CH 4 /kg dry matter intake (DMI) by 6.1% ( R 2 = 0.36) and the DCARB model underestimated CH 4 /kg DMI by 0.4% ( R 2 = 0.43). A stepwise regression of the difference between measured and calculated daily CH 4 production was conducted to examine explanations for the deviance. Dietary carbohydrate composition and rumen carbohydrate digestion were the main sources of inaccuracies for both models. Furthermore, differences were related to rumen ammonia concentration with the DOM model and to rumen pH and dietary fat with the DCARB model. Adding these parameters to the models and performing a multiple regression against observed daily CH 4 production resulted in R 2 of 0.66 and 0.72 for DOM and DCARB models, respectively. The diurnal pattern of CH 4 production followed that of rumen volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentration and the CH 4 to CO 2 production ratio, but was inverse to rumen pH and the rumen hydrogen balance calculated from 4 × (acetate + butyrate)/2 × (propionate + valerate). In conclusion, the amount of feed fermented was the most important factor determining variations in CH 4 production between animals, diets and during the day. Interactions between feed components, VFA absorption rates and variation between animals seemed to be factors that were complicating the accurate prediction of CH 4 . Using a ruminal carbon balance appeared to predict CH 4 production just as well as calculations based on rumen digestion of individual nutrients.Keywords: modelling methane, VFA, enteric fermentation, carbon, dairy cow Implications Methane (CH 4 ) is a potent greenhouse gas that arises from feed fermentation in the rumen and large intestine of ruminant animals. The quantity of CH 4 depends on daily feed intake, feed chemical composition and feed rumen digestibility. Therefore, the present paper was ...

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Rumen passage kinetics of forage- and concentrate-derived fiber in dairy cows

Cited by 27 publications

References 39 publications

The efficacy of palm oil sludge in reducing ruminal methanogenesis using rumen simulation technique

The efficacy of palm oil sludge in reducing ruminal methanogenesis using rumen simulation technique

Influence of particle size and density on mean retention time in the rumen of dairy cows

Methane production and diurnal variation measured in dairy cows and predicted from fermentation pattern and nutrient or carbon flow

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