Ruminal behaviour of structural carbohydrates, non-structural carbohydrates and crude protein from concentrate ingredients in dairy cows.

Tamminga, S.; Vuuren, A.M. van; Koelen, C.J. van der; Ketelaar, Robert; Togt, P.L. van der

doi:10.18174/njas.v38i3b.16575

Cited by 80 publications

(95 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Various models to describe rumen degradation characteristics or kinetics of feed components are possible. In the choice of variables used to describe the model, biological or mathematical considerations may prevail (Tamminga et al . 1990).…”

Section: Conventional Models For Describing Rumen Degradation Kineticmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1985) may be more accurate in empirically fitting to the data, their biological interpretation is often difficult. This is why biologically oriented models are more popular (Tamminga et al . 1990).…”

Section: Conventional Models For Describing Rumen Degradation Kineticmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among the biologically oriented models, the most widely used model is a first order kinetics degradation model introduced first by Ørskov and McDonald (1979). Methods used to solve such a model include nonlinear iterative least square regression, least square regression of logarithmic‐transformed residues with or without correction for an estimated or measured ruminally undegraded residue, and curve peeling (Tamminga et al . 1990).…”

Section: Conventional Models For Describing Rumen Degradation Kineticmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The DRS system can be used to show the balance between potentially microbial protein synthesis from rumen degradable crude protein (CP) and that potentially from the energy extracted during anaerobic fermentation in the rumen. The degradation ratios can be used in assisting to optimize the composition of dairy diets and fermentation (Tamminga et al . 1990, 1994).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In dairy cows, carbohydrates are important precursors of energy yielding nutrients (either as structural carbohydrates or as storage carbohydrates). They are also the main energy yielding substrates for the microbial population in the rumen and may play an important role in stabilizing or destabilizing rumen fermentation (Tamminga et al . 1990; Tamminga & Jansman 1993).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Using the unique degradation ratio system (DRS) as an alternative method for feed evaluation and diet formulation: A review

2008

Animal Science Journal

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Recently obtained information on applications of the unique degradation ratio system (DRS) as an alternative method for feed evaluation and diet formulation is reviewed, in relation to optimum rumen fermentation and nutrient utilization and availability. The DRS ratio values show the balance between potentially microbial protein synthesis from rumen degradable crude protein and that potentially from the energy extracted during anaerobic fermentation in the rumen. In modeling feed evaluation and diet formulation, the degradation ratios can be used in assisting to detect effects of feed processing and optimize the composition of ruminant diets. Unfortunately, few researchers provide such crucial ratio data when they studied rumen degradation characteristics of a feed or diet mainly due to lack of knowledge of the DRS system. The emphasis of this article is on: (i) systematic introduction of the DRS system; and (ii) prediction the optimal rumen fermentation using the DRS system. The information described in this article may give better insight into the principal, computation and applications of the DRS system for feed and diet evaluation. A focus of the article is on evaluation of the DRS system as an alternative new approach to establishment of a feed evaluation system that more accurately accounts for feed digestive processes in the ruminant on a quantitative basis.

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Section: Conventional Models For Describing Rumen Degradation Kineticmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Conventional Models For Describing Rumen Degradation Kineticmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Conventional Models For Describing Rumen Degradation Kineticmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Using the unique degradation ratio system (DRS) as an alternative method for feed evaluation and diet formulation: A review

2008

Animal Science Journal

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Evaluation of the nutritional value of faba beans with high and low tannin content for use as feed for ruminants

Xin

Khan

2021

J Sci Food Agric

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BACKGROUND Faba bean varieties with low or zero tannin content have been developed in Canada to overcome the negative effects of condensed tannins on the utilization by ruminants of crude protein (CP) and starch. However, their nutritional value has not been evaluated for incorporation in dairy rations. The objectives of this study were to investigate (i) the chemical profile; (ii) the Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System (CNCPS) protein and carbohydrate subfractions; (iii) the energy values; (iv) the ruminal, intestinal, and total digestibility of CP; (v) the metabolizable protein (MP) supply to dairy cows; and (vi) the protein‐inherent molecular spectral characteristics of brown‐seeded (var. Fatima) faba beans with high tannin content and yellow‐seeded (var. Snowbird) faba beans with low tannin content. RESULTS The results revealed that Fatima beans had higher (P < 0.001) CP content than Snowbird (324 versus 295 g kg−1 dry matter (DM)), and lower (P < 0.01) starch content than Snowbird (411 g kg−1 DM versus 444 g kg−1 DM). Fatima had a lower (P = 0.001) soluble subfraction (201 g kg−1 DM versus 220 g kg−1 DM) and higher (P < 0.05) slowly degradable fiber‐bounded (24.9 g kg−1 DM versus 14.7 g kg−1 DM) and non‐degradable (3.24 g kg−1 DM versus 0 g kg−1 DM) CNCPS CP subfractions than Snowbird. Fatima had higher (P = 0.03) MP content (117 g kg−1 DM versus 111 g kg−1 DM) and metabolizable energy content (ME) 3.12 Mcal kg−1versus 3.10 Mcal kg−1) than Snowbird. Molecular spectral intensities of amide I and II proteins (height and area) of Fatima were higher (P < 0.05) than those of Snowbird, reflecting their higher CP content. The ratio of protein spectral intensities, the amide I : amide II height ratio, and the α‐helix : β‐sheet height ratio differed (P < 0.05) between the two types of bean, highlighting differences in their inherent protein molecular structures. CONCLUSION The (Fatima) faba beans with high condensed tannin content had higher MP and ME content. On average, both Faba beans had higher ME and MP content than barley grains, highlighting their promising nutritional value for dairy rations. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.

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Potential protein degradation balance and total metabolizable protein supply to dairy cows from heat‐treated faba beans

2005

J Sci Food Agric

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The effects of pressure toasting (100, 118 and 136 • C for 3, 7, 15 and 30 min) on potential protein nutritional value of faba beans were evaluated with the NRC 2001 dairy model, by determining undegraded (RUP) and degraded rumen protein (RDP), undegraded (RUST) and degraded rumen starch (RDST), truly absorbed undegraded protein (ARUP), microbial protein (MCP RDP ) synthesized in the rumen from rumen-available protein, truly absorbed rumen synthesized microbial protein (AMCP), truly absorbed rumen endogenous protein (AECP), total metabolizable protein (MP) in the small intestine, and the protein degradation balance (PDB). The treatments increased RUP, RUST, ARUP and MP (p < 0.001), and decreased RDP, RDST, MCP RDP and PDB (p < 0.001), the effects increasing with increasing temperature and time. The treatments increased (p < 0.001) ARUP without affecting AECP and AMCP, so that the net absorbable total MP in the small intestine was increased. The PDB was reduced (p < 0.001) but never became negative. These results indicated that potential microbial protein synthesis would not be impaired due to sufficient nitrogen in the rumen, but the high positive PDB values with most treatments, except 136 • C for 15 min (PDB 2.0 g kg −1 DM) indicated that there were large potential losses of nitrogen in the rumen, particularly for the control with a value of 88.9 g kg −1 dry matter. It is concluded that predicted potential protein degradation balance and total metabolizable protein supply from faba beans were improved by the treatments.

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Ruminal behaviour of structural carbohydrates, non-structural carbohydrates and crude protein from concentrate ingredients in dairy cows.

Cited by 80 publications

References 25 publications

Using the unique degradation ratio system (DRS) as an alternative method for feed evaluation and diet formulation: A review

Using the unique degradation ratio system (DRS) as an alternative method for feed evaluation and diet formulation: A review

Evaluation of the nutritional value of faba beans with high and low tannin content for use as feed for ruminants

Potential protein degradation balance and total metabolizable protein supply to dairy cows from heat‐treated faba beans

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