Ruminal epithelium transcriptome dynamics in response to plane of nutrition and age in young Holstein calves

Naeem, Ayesha; Drackley, J.K.; Lanier, J. Stamey; Everts, Robin E.; Rodriguez-Zas, Sandra L.; Loor, Juan J.

doi:10.1007/s10142-013-0351-2

Cited by 21 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…In the same study by Connor et al (2014) 2 nuclear receptors, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)α and estrogen related receptor-α (ESRRα), were responsive to weaning in rumen tissue. In a study comparing elevated and conventional feeding schemes before (wk 5) and after weaning (wk 10), it was also determined that PPARα and PPARδ were activated transcription factors (Naeem et al, 2014). This work corresponds with research in mature dairy cattle, in which genes associated with fatty acid metabolism and cholesterol biosynthesis (PPAR) were also found to be responsive in the rumen epithelium of cows transitioned to a highly fermentable diet (Steele et al, 2011a).…”

Section: Weaningmentioning

confidence: 56%

Development and physiology of the rumen and the lower gut: Targets for improving gut health

Steele

Penner

Chaucheyras‐Durand

et al. 2016

Journal of Dairy Science

206

220

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The gastrointestinal epithelium of the dairy cow and calf faces the challenge of protecting the host from the contents of the luminal milieu while controlling the absorption and metabolism of nutrients. Adaptations of the gastrointestinal tract play an important role in animal energetics as the portal-drained viscera accounts for 20% of the total oxygen consumption of the ruminant. The mechanisms that govern growth and barrier function of the gastrointestinal epithelium have received particular attention over the past decade, especially with advancements in molecular-based techniques, such as microarrays and next-generation DNA sequencing. The rumen has been the focal point of dairy cow and calf nutritional physiology research, whereas the lower gut has received less attention. Three key areas that require discovery-based and applied research include (1) early-life intestinal gut barrier function and growth; (2) how the weaning transition affects function of the rumen and intestine; and (3) gastrointestinal adaptations during the transition to high-energy diets in early lactation. In dairy nutrition, nutrients are seen not only as metabolic substrates, but also as signals that can alter gastrointestinal growth and barrier function. Nutrients have been shown to affect epithelial cell gene expression directly and, in concert with insulin-like growth factor, growth hormone, and glucagon-like peptide 2, play a pivotal role in gut tissue growth. The latest research suggests that ruminal and intestinal barrier function is compromised during the preweaning phase, at weaning, and in early lactation. Gastrointestinal barrier function is influenced by the presence of metabolites, such as butyrate, the resident microbiota, and the microbes provided in feed. In the first studies that investigated barrier function in cows and calves, it was determined that the expression of genes encoding tight junction proteins, such as claudins, occludins, and desmosomal cadherins, are affected by age and diet. Recent evidence suggests that the upper and lower gut can communicate, but the exact mechanisms of gastrointestinal cross-talk in ruminants have not been studied in detail. A deeper understanding of how diet and microbiota can affect growth and barrier function of the intestinal tract may facilitate the development of specific management regimens that could effectively influence gut function.

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Section: Weaningmentioning

confidence: 56%

Development and physiology of the rumen and the lower gut: Targets for improving gut health

Steele

Penner

Chaucheyras‐Durand

et al. 2016

Journal of Dairy Science

206

220

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“…Thus, high-altitude ruminants might possess the ability to more efficiently transport and absorb VFAs than their lowland counterparts. Comparative transcriptome analysis of ruminal epithelium show significant (p < 0.05, t test) upregulation of 36 genes associated with VFA transport and absorption [24][25][26] when compared to cattle ( Figure S4). This result suggests that high-altitude ruminants also evolved highly efficient VFA transport.…”

Section: Co-evolution Of the Rumen Microbiomes And Their Host Genomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Convergent Evolution of Rumen Microbiomes in High-Altitude Mammals

et al. 2016

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Studies of genetic adaptation, a central focus of evolutionary biology, most often focus on the host's genome and only rarely on its co-evolved microbiome. The Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP) offers one of the most extreme environments for the survival of human and other mammalian species. Yaks (Bos grunniens) and Tibetan sheep (T-sheep) (Ovis aries) have adaptations for living in this harsh high-altitude environment, where nomadic Tibetan people keep them primarily for food and livelihood [1]. Adaptive evolution affects energy-metabolism-related genes in a way that helps these ruminants live at high altitude [2, 3]. Herein, we report convergent evolution of rumen microbiomes for energy harvesting persistence in two typical high-altitude ruminants, yaks and T-sheep. Both ruminants yield significantly lower levels of methane and higher yields of volatile fatty acids (VFAs) than their low-altitude relatives, cattle (Bos taurus) and ordinary sheep (Ovis aries). Ultra-deep metagenomic sequencing reveals significant enrichment in VFA-yielding pathways of rumen microbial genes in high-altitude ruminants, whereas methanogenesis pathways show enrichment in the cattle metagenome. Analyses of RNA transcriptomes reveal significant upregulation in 36 genes associated with VFA transport and absorption in the ruminal epithelium of high-altitude ruminants. Our study provides novel insights into the contributions of microbiomes to adaptive evolution in mammals and sheds light on the biological control of greenhouse gas emissions from livestock enteric fermentation.

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“…In response to dietary changes, 60 differentially expressed proteins in sheep ruminal epithelium were detected after two days of hay-fed and concentrate-fed; 6 weeks later, only 14 proteins displayed disparate expression level [ 34 ]. By altering the dietary plane of nutrition, Aisha et al detected 208 genes with distinct expression level in the ruminal epithelium tissue of young Holstein calves, which lead to a strong transcriptomic response [ 35 ]. In our present study, 342 DEGs were found between grass-fed and grain-fed ruminal wall of Angus cattle.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ruminal Transcriptomic Analysis of Grass-Fed and Grain-Fed Angus Beef Cattle

Carrillo

Ding

et al. 2015

PLoS ONE

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Beef represents a major diet component and one of the major sources of protein in human. The beef industry in the United States is currently undergoing changes and is facing increased demands especially for natural grass-fed beef. The grass-fed beef obtained their nutrients directly from pastures, which contained limited assimilable energy but abundant amount of fiber. On the contrary, the grain-fed steers received a grain-based regime that served as an efficient source of high-digestible energy. Lately, ruminant animals have been accused to be a substantial contributor for the green house effect. Therefore, the concerns from environmentalism, animal welfare and public health have driven consumers to choose grass-fed beef. Rumen is one of the key workshops to digest forage constituting a critical step to supply enough nutrients for animals’ growth and production. We hypothesize that rumen may function differently in grass- and grain-fed regimes. The objective of this study was to find the differentially expressed genes in the ruminal wall of grass-fed and grain-fed steers, and then explore the potential biopathways. In this study, the RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq) method was used to measure the gene expression level in the ruminal wall. The total number of reads per sample ranged from 24,697,373 to 36,714,704. The analysis detected 342 differentially expressed genes between ruminal wall samples of animals raised under different regimens. The Fisher’s exact test performed in the Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) software found 16 significant molecular networks. Additionally, 13 significantly enriched pathways were identified, most of which were related to cell development and biosynthesis. Our analysis demonstrated that most of the pathways enriched with the differentially expressed genes were related to cell development and biosynthesis. Our results provided valuable insights into the molecular mechanisms resulting in the phenotype difference between grass-fed and grain-fed cattle.

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Ruminal epithelium transcriptome dynamics in response to plane of nutrition and age in young Holstein calves

Cited by 21 publications

References 66 publications

Development and physiology of the rumen and the lower gut: Targets for improving gut health

Development and physiology of the rumen and the lower gut: Targets for improving gut health

Convergent Evolution of Rumen Microbiomes in High-Altitude Mammals

Ruminal Transcriptomic Analysis of Grass-Fed and Grain-Fed Angus Beef Cattle

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